Neural Network Auxiliary Cost Modulation for Feature Selection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing deep neural networks face challenges in unsupervised learning, particularly in learning abstract features efficiently, and are not well-compatible with supervised learning, often wasting modeling capacity on irrelevant structure, which can hinder both tasks.

Innovation Solution

A method that trains neural networks by optimizing a primary cost function and an auxiliary cost function, modulating the auxiliary cost function with a gradient-based attention mask to focus on relevant features for the supervised task, improving the network's ability to represent data relevant to the primary task.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If an unsupervised task is used to model the distribution of inputs in semi-supervised learning, then the network can learn structure of input data and reduce the number of labels needed, but the network may waste modeling capacity on irrelevant structure and potentially hurt both tasks in the worst case

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveperformance on supervised taskVSAvoidmodeling capacity waste
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by making different parts of the network serve different functions through the attention mechanism. The attention mask selectively highlights relevant regions or features in the input data for the unsupervised task, while other regions are downweighted. This allows the network to focus modeling capacity on locally relevant structures rather than uniformly processing all input data, thereby reducing waste on irrelevant features while maintaining learning effectiveness.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent segments the processing of input data by introducing an attention mechanism that divides the input into relevant and irrelevant portions. The attention mask creates a segmented view of the input data, allowing the unsupervised task to process only the relevant segments while ignoring irrelevant portions. This segmentation prevents the network from wasting capacity on irrelevant structures while still learning meaningful patterns from the relevant segments.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Productivity

If Ladder neural networks or autoencoders are used for unsupervised learning, then the network can be trained iteratively by minimizing a cost function, but the network fails to efficiently learn to represent data in real world applications with complex scenes and large numbers of objects

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetraining efficiencyVSAvoiddata representation quality
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent addresses the failure of Ladder networks to efficiently learn complex real-world data by introducing local quality through the attention mechanism. Instead of treating all parts of the input equally, the attention mask assigns different weights to different regions, allowing the network to focus on locally important features while maintaining efficient iterative training. This selective focus enables the network to handle complex scenes with multiple objects by concentrating computational resources on relevant local structures.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces an attention mask as an intermediary component between the input data and the Ladder network processing. This intermediary selectively modulates the input signal, enhancing relevant features and suppressing irrelevant ones before they enter the main network processing. This intermediary layer enables the network to efficiently learn complex data representations by pre-processing the input to highlight important structures, thereby bridging the gap between simple iterative training and complex real-world applications.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Measurement precision

If a neural network is trained to represent all parts of input data equally, then the network can capture complete input structure, but the network cannot direct different parts to concentrate on representing different parts of the data such as different objects in an image

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecompleteness of input structure captureVSAvoidlearning speed for specific features
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent resolves the contradiction between capturing complete input structure and learning specific features efficiently by applying local quality through the attention mechanism. The attention mask dynamically assigns different weights to different parts of the input data during training, allowing the network to maintain awareness of the complete structure while concentrating learning capacity on locally important regions. This enables faster learning of specific features like different objects in an image without losing the overall structural context.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces dynamics by making the attention mask adaptive rather than static. The attention weights are dynamically adjusted during training based on the learned relevance of different input regions. This dynamic mechanism allows the network to automatically direct different parts of the network to concentrate on different parts of the data as needed, while maintaining the ability to capture complete input structure when necessary. The dynamic nature enables flexible adaptation to different learning stages and data characteristics.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Data Source

PatentUS11138468B2Neural network based solution
Publication Date: 2021.10.05 CANARY CAPITAL LLC
  • US11138468B2 patent drawing
  • US11138468B2 patent drawing
  • US11138468B2 patent drawing

AI summary

A method for generating an output signal of a system based on input data received by the system includes receiving training data and training a neural network for generating the output signal by optimizing a primary cost function and an auxiliary cost function and modulating the auxiliary cost function with a gradient-based attention mask during the training.