Neural Network Wireless Positioning via Augmented Channel State Data

Resolve Bottlenecks,
Find Innovative Solutions
Generate Solutions

Solution Overview

Problem

Current machine learning algorithms for wireless positioning rely heavily on supervised learning, requiring large amounts of labeled data and needing frequent retraining due to the changing relationship between channel state information (CSI) and user device location, which is impractical given limited data availability.

Innovation Solution

A method using a neural network model that generates loss function components by comparing location data with estimates based on augmented channel state data, allowing for training with both labeled and unlabeled data sets, and employing data augmentation techniques such as phase rotation, amplitude modification, and Gaussian noise to enhance model robustness and reduce reliance on extensive labeled data.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If supervised learning algorithms are used for wireless positioning, then positioning accuracy can be achieved, but large amounts of labeled data are required and frequent retraining is needed

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepositioning accuracyVSAvoidamount of labeled data
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by pre-training the neural network model using unlabeled channel state information through self-supervised learning tasks (such as predicting channel properties or reconstructing channel data). This preliminary training phase prepares the model with general channel characteristics before fine-tuning with limited labeled positioning data, thereby reducing the amount of labeled data needed while maintaining positioning accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the training parameters and objectives by introducing self-supervised learning tasks that do not require labeled positioning data. The model learns from intrinsic channel state information using tasks like channel reconstruction or property prediction, changing the learning paradigm from supervised to self-supervised, which eliminates dependence on large amounts of labeled data.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Measurement precision

If supervised learning algorithms are used for wireless positioning, then positioning accuracy can be achieved, but frequent retraining is required due to changing CSI-location relationships

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepositioning accuracyVSAvoidretraining frequency
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by pre-training the neural network model using unlabeled channel state information through self-supervised learning tasks (such as predicting channel properties or reconstructing channel data). This preliminary training phase prepares the model with general channel characteristics before fine-tuning with limited labeled positioning data, thereby reducing the amount of labeled data needed while maintaining positioning accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies self-service by enabling the model to continuously learn from unlabeled channel state information through self-supervised learning. The model can adapt to changing channel conditions by automatically learning from incoming unlabeled data without requiring external retraining with labeled data, thereby reducing retraining frequency and time loss.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Reliability

If data augmentation techniques are applied to channel state data, then model robustness and generalization are improved, but training complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemodel robustnessVSAvoidtraining complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by introducing data augmentation techniques that modify channel state information through transformations such as phase rotation, amplitude scaling, and noise addition. These parameter changes create varied training samples from limited labeled data, improving model robustness and generalization capability while managing training complexity through efficient augmentation strategies.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Data Source

PatentEP3852451B1Training in communication systems
Publication Date: 2023.08.30 NOKIA TECHNOLOGIES OY
  • EP3852451B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3852451B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3852451B1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

An apparatus, method and computer program is described comprising: generating a first loss function component comprising comparing first location data with first location estimates, wherein the first location estimates are based on channel state data, wherein the first location estimates are generated using a model, and wherein the model comprises a plurality of trainable parameters; generating a second loss function component comprising comparing the first location data with second location estimates, wherein the second location estimates are based on channel state data that have been subjected to a first augmentation and wherein the second location estimates are generated using the model; generating a third loss function component comprising comparing third location estimates based on channel state data and fourth location estimates based on channel state data that have been subjected to a second augmentation, wherein the third and fourth location estimates are generated using the model; and training the trainable parameters of the model by minimising a loss function based on a combination of the first, second and third loss function components.