Neural NLP Training with Pretrained LLM Document Embeddings

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Solution Overview

Problem

Training neural network based natural language processing (NLP) models for chat agents is inefficient due to the need for task-specific training on large language models (LLMs) with complex architectures, leading to computational inefficiencies and errors from limited knowledge input and lack of sentence-level factuality constraints.

Innovation Solution

A training framework that augments NLP models with document embeddings from pre-trained LLMs and incorporates sentence-level factuality constraints by using document identification tokens, improving accuracy and reducing error propagation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If LLMs are trained or finetuned for every task or domain, then task-specific performance is improved, but computational efficiency deteriorates due to complex architecture and billion parameters

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetask-specific performanceVSAvoidtraining efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts and separates the knowledge representation component from the full LLM training process. Instead of training the entire LLM for each task, the system extracts knowledge in the form of document embeddings and sentence embeddings from pre-trained LLMs, then uses these extracted representations for task-specific NLP model training, significantly reducing computational requirements while maintaining performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces document embeddings and sentence embeddings as intermediary representations between the pre-trained LLM and the task-specific NLP model. These embeddings serve as a bridge that transfers knowledge from the large language model without requiring full LLM training, enabling efficient task adaptation through intermediate knowledge representation layers.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Productivity

If knowledge input is limited, then training speed is improved, but accuracy deteriorates due to lack of sentence-level factuality constraints

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetraining speedVSAvoidresponse accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by implementing factuality constraints at the sentence level rather than requiring comprehensive knowledge input across all domains. The system uses sentence embeddings to enforce factuality constraints locally on individual sentences during training, allowing faster training with limited knowledge input while maintaining accuracy through targeted sentence-level validation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the mechanical system of extensive knowledge input with a more efficient mechanism using sentence embeddings and factuality constraints. Instead of relying on large volumes of knowledge data, the system substitutes this with structured sentence-level representations that encode factual information, enabling both faster training and maintained accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Data Source

PatentUS12456013B2Systems and methods for training a neural network model using knowledge from pre-trained large language models
Publication Date: 2025.10.28 SALESFORCE INC
  • US12456013B2 patent drawing
  • US12456013B2 patent drawing
  • US12456013B2 patent drawing

AI summary

Embodiments described herein provide a training framework for generative NLP models that operate on previously learnt knowledge from pretrained large language models. Specifically, to train an NLP model to generate a response to a user utterance (e.g., “resolve login issue”), document embeddings of support IT documents encoded by a pretrained LLM are fed to an NLP decoder together with a training dialogue (e.g., a dialogue between the chat agent on how to “resolve login issue”). The NLP decoder can thus be trained by a causal language modeling loss computed based on the predicted next token and the ground-truth token from the training dialogue.