Neural State Determination via Subthreshold Electrical Stimuli
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods fail to effectively predict and prevent neural perturbations such as seizures, which can cause injury, by not providing a reliable means to assess the state of neural systems in real-time.
Innovation Solution
The method involves applying subthreshold or low-frequency electrical stimuli to neural systems to elicit responses that can be analyzed to determine changes in the system's state, allowing for the prediction of impending seizures through classification schemes and multivariate statistical discrimination.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If traditional recording methods are used to monitor neural activity, then continuous monitoring is possible, but the ability to predict seizures is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary actions by delivering test stimuli to the neural system before a seizure occurs and analyzing the responses. This allows the system to detect changes in neural excitability and identify preseizure states in advance, improving seizure prediction capability while maintaining accurate state assessment through systematic pre-seizure monitoring
Solution Approach 2:
The system implements feedback by continuously analyzing neural responses to stimuli and using this information to update seizure risk assessment. The response analysis provides feedback about neural system state changes, enabling the system to adjust predictions and improve both reliability of seizure prediction and precision of state assessment through iterative monitoring and analysis
2Measurement precision
If strong stimuli are applied to elicit neural responses, then response detection is easier, but disruption to the neural system increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system applies partial action by using subthreshold stimuli that are below the level required to trigger action potentials. These stimuli are weak enough to avoid disrupting normal neural activity and causing harmful effects, yet sufficient to elicit measurable responses that provide information about neural excitability and state changes for accurate response detection
Solution Approach 2:
The system employs parameter changes by varying stimulus characteristics such as frequency, amplitude, and waveform to optimize the balance between response detection sensitivity and minimal neural disruption. By adjusting these parameters, the system can tailor stimuli to elicit detectable responses while maintaining neural system integrity and avoiding harmful disruption
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enables the detection of preseizure states with minimal disruption to the neural system, facilitating early intervention and reducing the risk of injury from seizures.
Implementation Method 1
A pair of axial electrodes were implanted in the left hippocampus for the purpose of delivering electrical stimuli
Implementation Method 2
Three microelectrodes were inserted into the right hippocampus and left hippocampus to record extracellular activity
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to methods and devices for determining the state of a neural system. In one embodiment, a plurality of stimuli to the system can be delivered to the system, and then the resulting respective responses can be analyzed to determine whether the system state is static, or whether it is undergoing dynamic changes. In another aspect of the invention, a single stimulus having a plurality of components can be administered, and the responses to each component can be contrasted and compared to determine the state of the neural system. In each case, this information can be used to predict the occurrence of neural perturbations or episodes associated with a change in the state of the neural system.