Neural Network Video Frame Generation Using Pixel-Wise Scoring

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current video frame generation systems using neural networks face challenges in accurately predicting next frames without artifacts, requiring specific motion priors and surrogate losses, and struggle to generalize to novel objects and environments.

Innovation Solution

A system employing an encoder neural network with a convolutional sub-network followed by a convolutional LSTM sub-network processes video frames to generate encoded representations, which are then used by a decoder neural network to predict next frames pixel by pixel, using a score distribution over possible color values, without preprocessing or specific motion priors, allowing for parallelization during training.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If specific motion priors and surrogate losses are used in current video frame generation systems, then prediction accuracy is improved, but device complexity and training resource requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprediction accuracyVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts and removes the requirement for specific motion priors and surrogate losses from the video frame generation system. By using a standard cross-entropy loss function instead of specialized surrogate losses, and by eliminating the need for hand-crafted motion priors, the system achieves artifact-free predictions without increasing complexity. The encoder-decoder architecture with pixel-wise prediction inherently handles motion modeling without requiring additional motion prior modules.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The system enables the neural network to automatically learn motion patterns and temporal dependencies from the video data itself, rather than relying on externally provided motion priors. The encoder captures temporal features and the decoder generates predictions through learned representations, allowing the system to self-adapt to various motion types including novel objects and environments without requiring pre-defined motion models.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

2Object-generated harmful factors

If current systems use specialized motion priors and surrogate losses, then artifact reduction is achieved, but computational resources and training time increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveartifacts in predicted framesVSAvoidcomputational resources
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-generated harmful factorsVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs a computationally efficient architecture that uses standard neural network components (encoder with convolutional layers and LSTM, decoder with pixel-wise prediction) instead of complex specialized modules. The system generates artifact-free predictions using a straightforward cross-entropy loss function and standard backpropagation, avoiding the need for expensive iterative optimization or specialized training procedures associated with surrogate losses.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Solution Approach 2:

The system segments the video prediction task into distinct functional components: the encoder processes temporal sequences and extracts features, the LSTM models temporal dependencies, and the decoder generates pixel-wise predictions. This segmentation allows each component to be optimized independently and trained efficiently using standard techniques, reducing overall computational burden while maintaining prediction quality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

3Measurement precision

If the system processes pixels sequentially with full dependencies, then prediction accuracy is improved, but training parallelization is limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprediction accuracyVSAvoidtraining speed
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the prediction task into independent pixel-wise predictions, where each pixel is predicted separately given the encoded temporal representation and previously predicted pixels. This segmentation enables parallel computation of predictions across different pixels during training, as each pixel's prediction can be computed independently using the same decoder parameters and input features, significantly improving training throughput while maintaining full contextual dependencies through the encoded representation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Data Source

PatentUS11144782B2Generating video frames using neural networks
Publication Date: 2021.10.12 GDM HOLDING LLC
  • US11144782B2 patent drawing
  • US11144782B2 patent drawing
  • US11144782B2 patent drawing

AI summary

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for generating video frames using neural networks. One of the methods includes processing a sequence of video frames using an encoder neural network to generate an encoded representation; and generating a predicted next frame pixel by pixel according to a pixel order and a channel order, comprising: for each color channel of each pixel, providing as input to a decoder neural network (i) the encoded representation, (ii) color values for any pixels before the pixel in the pixel order, and (iii) color values for the pixel for any color channels before the color channel in the channel order, wherein the decoder neural network is configured to generate an output defining a score distribution over a plurality of possible color values, and determining the color value for the color channel of the pixel by sampling from the score distribution.