Transformer-Coupled Neural Waveforms to Block DC Noise
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Solution Overview
Problem
Unintentional DC signals contaminate high-frequency alternating current waveforms used for neural stimulation, leading to unexpected nerve block and potential damage due to prolonged or repeated application.
Innovation Solution
A system comprising a signal generator, a signal transformer device with coupled coils, and a capacitor to prevent noise in the electric waveform by removing unintended noise components and preventing DC imbalance at the electrode/electrolyte interface.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-affected harmful factors
If additional capacitance and shunting resistance are applied to mitigate DC signals, then DC contamination is reduced, but the approach is not feasible for higher frequency waveforms like KHFAC because capacitors cannot discharge the DC imbalance between stimulation pluses in time
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a DC restoration circuit as an intermediary component between the stimulus isolation unit and the electrode. This circuit actively monitors and corrects DC voltage shifts at the electrode interface, serving as a mediator that prevents DC contamination without interfering with the high-frequency KHFAC waveform transmission. The DC restoration circuit uses a capacitor and resistor network to detect and compensate for DC imbalances in real-time, enabling safe application of high-frequency waveforms.
Solution Approach 2:
The stimulus isolation unit incorporates feedback mechanisms that monitor the electrical characteristics at the electrode interface and adjust the isolation parameters accordingly. This feedback system detects DC voltage shifts and triggers corrective actions through the DC restoration circuit, creating a closed-loop control system that continuously maintains safe operating conditions during high-frequency stimulation.
2Reliability
If DC signals are applied to block nerve conduction, then temporary block is achieved, but prolonged or repeated application causes nerve damage and lasting reduction in nerve conductivity
Solution Approach 1:
The stimulus isolation unit extracts and removes DC components from the stimulation waveform before delivery to the electrode. By separating the AC KHFAC signal from any DC offset and actively eliminating the DC portion, the system achieves reliable temporary nerve block through the high-frequency AC component while preventing the harmful effects of DC accumulation that would cause nerve damage.
Solution Approach 2:
The DC restoration circuit performs preliminary anti-action by preemptively detecting and correcting DC voltage shifts before they can accumulate to harmful levels. This preventive mechanism continuously counteracts any tendency toward DC contamination, ensuring that the nerve tissue is protected from damage while maintaining effective temporary block through the isolated AC waveform.
3Measurement precision
If electrodes with different material characteristics are used, then signal to noise ratio is reduced due to DC voltage potential development, but material diversity may be needed for specific application requirements
Solution Approach 1:
The stimulus isolation unit acts as an intermediary that decouples the electrode material characteristics from the signal quality. By isolating the electrode interface electrically and restoring DC levels, the system prevents DC potential differences between different electrode materials from contaminating the measurement signal, thereby maintaining high signal-to-noise ratio regardless of electrode material diversity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system effectively mitigates the effects of DC signals, ensuring that the electric waveform reaching the nerve is free from contamination, thereby preventing nerve damage and maintaining signal integrity during neural stimulation or sensing.
Implementation Method 1
a signal transformer device comprising a first coil and a second coil. The first coil can be coupled to the signal generator to receive the waveform and remove the unintended noise from the electric waveform. The second coil can pass the electric waveform to an electrode.
Implementation Method 2
The second coil can be coupled to a capacitor that can prevent the waveform from developing noise at an electrode/electrolyte interface between an electrode and a nerve.
Data Source
AI summary
One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a system that can prevent unintended signal components (noise) in an electric waveform that can be used for at least one of neural stimulation, block, and/or sensing. The system can include a signal generator to generate a waveform that includes an intended electric waveform and unintended noise. The system can also include a signal transformer device (e.g., a very long wire) comprising a first coil and a second coil. The first coil can be coupled to the signal generator to receive the waveform and remove the unintended noise from the electric waveform. The second coil can pass the electric waveform to an electrode. The second coil can be coupled to a capacitor that can prevent the waveform from developing noise at an electrode/electrolyte interface between an electrode and a nerve.