Ni-Rich Cathode Coating Process for Lower Cycling Resistance Growth

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing Ni-rich electrode active materials in lithium ion batteries face undesired reactions on the surface, leading to electrolyte decomposition and high resistance growth upon cycling, which current coating methods fail to adequately address.

Innovation Solution

A process involving treatment with an aqueous medium containing heteropoly acids or compounds of Al or Sb, followed by thermal treatment, to deposit additional elements on the electrode active material surface, enhancing electrochemical properties.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Use of energy by moving object

If Ni-rich electrode active material is used to increase capacity, then energy density is improved, but surface reactions cause electrolyte decomposition and high resistance growth

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy densityVSAvoidresistance growth upon cycling
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies composite coating materials comprising at least two different inorganic compounds (such as metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal carbonates, or metal phosphates) on the Ni-rich electrode active material surface. This composite structure provides synergistic protection: one component suppresses surface reactions and electrolyte decomposition while another maintains lithium exchange efficiency, thereby reducing resistance growth during cycling while preserving high energy density

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent controls the thickness of the composite coating layer within specific ranges (0.1-5 μm preferably) and adjusts the compositional ratios of different inorganic compounds in the coating. By optimizing these parameters, the coating provides sufficient protection against surface reactions and electrolyte decomposition while maintaining adequate lithium ion conductivity, thus resolving the contradiction between energy density and resistance growth

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Object-affected harmful factors

If surface coating is applied to protect electrode material, then electrolyte decomposition is reduced, but lithium exchange may be hindered

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrolyte decompositionVSAvoidlithium exchange
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates a composite coating with spatially distributed different inorganic compounds, where certain regions of the coating are optimized for protecting against electrolyte decomposition while other regions maintain higher lithium ion conductivity. This local differentiation allows simultaneous achievement of electrolyte protection and efficient lithium exchange without compromising either function

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The composite coating structure incorporates porous characteristics that allow lithium ions to diffuse through the coating layer while the inorganic compounds provide protective barriers against electrolyte decomposition. The porosity ensures adequate lithium ion transport pathways are maintained, preventing hindrance to lithium exchange while still providing protective functionality

Inventive Principle:
Principle #31Porous materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The process results in Ni-rich electrode active materials with improved electrochemical performance, specifically reduced resistance growth during cycling.

Implementation Method 1

treating said particulate electrode active material with an aqueous medium that may contain a heteropoly acid or a compound of Al or Sb

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAdsorption: Adsorption

Implementation Method 2

removing the water from step (b) at least partially

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEvaporation: Evaporation

Data Source

PatentUS12497304B2Process for making a coated electrode active material
Publication Date: 2025.12.16 BASF SE

AI summary

Described herein is a process for manufacturing a coated cathode active material including the steps of(a) providing a particulate electrode active material according to general formula Li1+xTM1−xO2, where TM is Ni,(b) treating said particulate electrode active material with an aqueous medium that may include a heteropoly acid or a compound of Al or Sb,(c) removing the water from step (b) at least partially,(d) optionally, adding at least one heteropoly acid or a compound of Al or Sb, as particulate compound or as aqueous solution or slurry,(e) optionally, treating the mixture from step (d) thermally,(f) adding at least one compound selected from the group consisting of B2O3, boric acid and lithium borates to the solid material obtained from step (e), if applicable, or from step (d) or (c), respectively, and(g) treating the residue obtained from step (f) thermally.