Nicotine Derivatives for Selective Weed Control and Therapeutic Safety
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Current herbicides lack effectiveness in controlling gramineous weeds like water foxtail, black grass, and annual blue grass across the entire growth period of crops such as barley and wheat, and they often pose risks to crop safety and have narrow therapeutic indices for nicotine-related compounds, which hampers their development as agricultural and horticultural chemicals.
Innovation Solution
Development of novel nicotine derivatives represented by general formula (I) and its salts, which act as herbicides, anti-microbial agents, and treatments for various medical conditions, designed to be non-phytotoxic to crops and with improved safety profiles, utilizing specific synthetic routes and formulations for application.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If existing herbicides are used to control gramineous weeds, then some weed control is achieved, but they cannot control weeds effectively across the entire growth period and have narrow selectivity between crops and weeds
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the chemical structure of nicotine derivatives by changing parameters such as substituting hydrogen atoms with various groups (methyl, halogen, alkoxy, etc.) at specific positions of the pyridine ring and pyrrolidine moiety. These parameter changes in molecular structure enable the compounds to achieve both effective weed control and broad selectivity between crops and weeds, resolving the contradiction between reliability and adaptability
2Reliability
If nicotine derivatives are used for therapeutic purposes, then desirable effects are achieved, but the narrow therapeutic index limits their development
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces different substituent groups at specific local positions (R1 at position 3, R2 at position 5, R3 at position 6 of the pyridine ring) to create compounds with differentiated properties. This local quality modification allows the molecules to maintain therapeutic effects on target receptors while reducing unwanted side effects and improving the therapeutic index through site-specific structural optimization
3Productivity
If conventional herbicides are applied, then labor saving is achieved, but crop safety is compromised
Solution Approach 1:
The patent systematically varies chemical parameters including substituent types (halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, nitro, etc.), their positions, and combinations to optimize the herbicidal activity-crop safety profile. These parameter changes result in compounds that maintain effective herbicidal action while exhibiting improved safety margins for crop plants, enabling labor-saving application without compromising crop safety
Data Source
AI summary
Described are novel nicotine derivatives represented by general formulas (I) and (III), and salts thereof, and herbicide & pharmaceutical compositions containing the same as the active ingredient. The compound and salts thereof can control annual or perennial weed growing on the land where various crops such as rice plant, wheat, cotton and corn grow for a wide period ranging from the pre-emergence to growth in a remarkably small dose. The compounds and salts thereof can be useful as an anti-microbial and anti-fungal agents and also for the treatment of blood pressure, skeletal muscle, attention deficit disorder, mental disorders, schizophrenia, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson's disease and depression. Also described is the preparation of the nicotine derivatives having formula (I) and (III).