Near-Infrared Hematoma Detection via Ratiometric Light Analysis
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for detecting intracranial hematomas, such as subdural hematomas, are inadequate in settings without immediate access to CT scanning, as neurological exams are unreliable and require skilled clinicians, and existing devices are costly and complex.
Innovation Solution
A near-infrared light-based detection method that emits light at two different wavelengths to penetrate to different depths in tissue, allowing for ratiometric analysis of reflected light to distinguish between normal and hematoma-containing tissue, enabling detection of intracranial hematomas without sophisticated imaging systems.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If CT scanning is used to detect intracranial hematomas, then detection accuracy is improved, but device complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces complex mechanical CT scanning systems with a simpler optical system using near-infrared light sources and detectors. The light-based system measures tissue optical properties to detect hematomas, substituting mechanical imaging with optical measurement techniques that are less complex and more portable.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the measurement parameter from anatomical imaging (CT scans) to functional optical properties (light absorption and scattering). By measuring changes in tissue optical parameters caused by blood presence, the system achieves hematoma detection without requiring complex imaging hardware.
2Reliability
If CT scanning is used for hematoma detection, then detection reliability is improved, but accessibility worsens in remote areas
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces bulky mechanical CT scanners with portable optical devices that can be easily transported to remote locations. The substitution of mechanical imaging systems with compact optical measurement devices enables deployment in areas without established medical infrastructure.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a universal detection device that can be used in multiple settings (hospitals, clinics, remote areas, battlefield) without requiring specialized infrastructure. The optical system serves as a multi-functional tool that adapts to various environments where CT scanners cannot be deployed.
3Device complexity
If neurological exams are used to identify hematomas, then device complexity is reduced, but measurement precision deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces subjective neurological examinations with objective optical measurement systems. The transition from clinician-based assessment to instrument-based measurement eliminates human error and subjectivity while maintaining simplicity in device operation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent enables the tissue itself to provide diagnostic information through its optical properties. The blood-containing tissue naturally alters light absorption and scattering, allowing the tissue to 'self-diagnose' its condition without requiring complex external testing equipment or expert interpretation.
4Reliability
If CT scans are performed on all head trauma patients, then detection completeness is improved, but loss of time increases due to resource constraints
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary screening with the simple optical device before committing patients to time-consuming CT scans. This preliminary action quickly identifies high-risk patients who need immediate CT evaluation, reducing the overall time loss by avoiding unnecessary CT scans on low-risk patients and prioritizing those who need urgent intervention.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies different detection methods to different patient groups based on their risk profiles. High-risk patients receive comprehensive CT scanning while low-risk patients undergo rapid optical screening, creating a localized quality approach that optimizes both detection completeness and time efficiency across the patient population.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method allows for rapid, non-invasive detection of hematomas by non-skilled personnel in various settings, reducing the need for CT scans and providing a triage tool for prioritizing further imaging, thus improving timely intervention and cost-effectiveness.
Implementation Method 1
emitting near infrared light and directing the emitted light towards tissue of a patient
Implementation Method 2
measuring reflected light corresponding to two depths of penetration; obtaining a ratiometric measure of the reflected light
Data Source
AI summary
Featured are methods, apparatus and devices for detecting a hematoma in tissue of a patient. In one aspect, such a method includes emitting near infrared light continuously into the tissue from a non-stationary near infrared light emitter and continuously monitoring the tissue using a non-stationary probe so as to continuously detect reflected light. The near infrared light is emitted at two distances from a brain of the patient, so the emitted light penetrates to two different depths. Such a method also includes applying a ratiometric analysis to the reflected light to distinguish a border between normal tissue and tissue exhibiting blood accumulation.