Inorganic Nitrate Composition for Lower Exercise Oxygen Consumption
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing technologies have insufficient understanding of the effects of nitrate and nitrite on metabolic rate, oxygen consumption, and glucose homeostasis during physical exercise, and current food supplements lack detailed explanations of their benefits.
Innovation Solution
Administering inorganic nitrate and nitrite to humans in specific doses through various edible forms such as liquids, pastes, bars, and tablets to influence metabolic rate and oxygen consumption without causing significant hypotension or methemoglobinemia.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If inorganic nitrate and nitrite are administered to reduce oxygen consumption and enhance muscular efficiency, then metabolic performance is improved, but the risk of hypotension and methemoglobinemia increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by carefully controlling the dose of inorganic nitrate and nitrite within specific ranges (0.01-100 mmol/kg body weight per day) to achieve the desired metabolic effects while preventing adverse reactions. By adjusting concentration and dosage parameters, the patent optimizes the balance between performance enhancement and safety.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses food supplements as an intermediary delivery system that provides controlled amounts of nitrate and nitrite. The supplement formulation acts as a mediator between the active substances and the user, ensuring safe and effective administration through various edible forms while monitoring for adverse effects.
2Use of energy by moving object
If nitrate and nitrite are administered in high doses to maximize oxygen consumption reduction, then metabolic rate decreases significantly, but adverse effects such as hypotension become more severe
Solution Approach 1:
The patent establishes specific dosage parameters (0.01-100 mmol/kg body weight per day) that optimize oxygen consumption reduction while preventing excessive hypotension. By defining clear concentration ranges and administration guidelines, the patent ensures that the therapeutic effect is achieved without causing severe adverse reactions.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent incorporates monitoring of blood pressure and other physiological parameters as feedback mechanisms to adjust nitrate and nitrite administration. This feedback approach allows real-time optimization of dosage to maintain effective oxygen consumption reduction while preventing harmful hypotensive effects.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The administration of inorganic nitrate and nitrite reduces oxygen consumption and enhances muscular efficiency during exercise, improving metabolic performance without adverse effects.
Implementation Method 1
the inorganic anions nitrate (NO3−) and nitrite (NO2−) are reduced in vivo to form NO
Implementation Method 2
NO is involved in control of cellular respiration through interaction with enzymes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain
Implementation Method 3
NO is involved in control of cellular respiration through interaction with enzymes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain
Implementation Method 4
Dietary nitrate (found mainly in green leafy vegetables) is absorbed from the circulation by the salivary glands, secreted in saliva
Implementation Method 5
partly converted to nitrite in the oral cavity by nitrate reducing bacteria
Implementation Method 6
Further reduction of nitrite into bioactive NO can occur spontaneously in acidic or reducing environments
Implementation Method 7
deoxyhemoglobin in blood, deoxymyoglobin, xanthine oxidase and possibly by enzymes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain
Data Source
AI summary
Inorganic anions nitrate and nitrite influence metabolic rate and glucose homeostasis. Infusion of nitrite iv caused an acute drop in resting energy expenditure (oxygen consumption) and nitrate, when given perorally, caused a reduction in oxygen consumption during exercise and a depression of the increase in blood glucose observed after an oral glucose tolerance test. The doses of nitrate and nitrite did not cause any detectable change in methemoglobin levels of blood. Also, nitrate and nitrite did not alter lactate levels in blood. This discovery provides useful treatments to regulate the energy expenditure and glucose homeostasis of a mammal by administration of inorganic nitrite and/or nitrate.