Nitrate Ester Compounds for Muscle Tissue Nitric Oxide Delivery
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Solution Overview
Problem
Muscular dystrophy, characterized by progressive muscle weakness and wasting, is exacerbated by reduced nitric oxide production, which impairs muscle regeneration and contraction, necessitating a method to deliver nitric oxide to muscle tissues effectively.
Innovation Solution
A class of nitrate ester compounds capable of releasing nitric oxide (NO) is developed to target muscle tissues, providing muscle relaxant and sedative properties, thereby promoting muscle regeneration and improving exercise performance and muscle function.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If nitric oxide is delivered to muscle tissues to improve muscle regeneration and contraction, then muscle function is improved, but the complexity of the delivery system increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses nitrate ester compounds as intermediary substances that can be administered systemically and then converted to nitric oxide within muscle tissues. This mediator approach allows indirect delivery of nitric oxide without requiring complex direct delivery systems, resolving the contradiction between effective NO delivery and system complexity
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs compounds with specific chemical parameters (nitrate ester groups) that enable controlled release of nitric oxide under physiological conditions. By changing the chemical state from stable nitrate esters to active nitric oxide in situ, the system achieves effective muscle tissue delivery without complex external delivery mechanisms
2Productivity
If nitrate ester compounds are administered to promote muscle regeneration, then myogenesis is increased, but the risk of side effects increases
Solution Approach 1:
The nitrate ester compounds exhibit selective action primarily on muscle tissues due to the presence of muscle-specific enzymes (such as muscle nitric oxide synthase) that convert the compounds to nitric oxide. This local specificity enables increased myogenesis while minimizing systemic side effects, as the active nitric oxide is generated predominantly in the target muscle tissues rather than throughout the entire body
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The nitrate ester compounds increase myogenesis, reduce creatine kinase levels, and delay muscle degeneration, enhancing muscle strength, endurance, and life span in both healthy and dystrophic muscles, while also reducing muscle damage and fatigue.
Implementation Method 1
A class of nitrate ester compounds capable of releasing nitric oxide (NO) is developed to target muscle tissues
Data Source
AI summary
Alkyl nitrate ester compounds are provided for the delivery of nitric oxide to targeted muscle tissues, and in particular, to normal and dystrophic muscles. In one aspect, nitrate ester compounds are provided having the following formula:wherein,R1 is ONO2, CH2ONO2, CnH2n+1OH, CnH2n+1OH, CH3, CH2CH3, CH2CH2CH3, or H;R2 is ONO2, CH2ONO2, Cn′H2n′+1OH, Cn′H2n′+1OH, CH3, CH2CH3, CH2CH2CH3, or H;R3 is ONO2, CH2ONO2, Cn′″H2n″+1OH, Cn″H2n″+1OH, CH3, CH2CH3, CH2CH2CH3, or H; andR4 is ONO2, CH2ONO2, Cn′″H2n″+1OH, Cn″H2n″+1OH, CH3, CH2CH3, CH2CH2CH3, or H;wherein n is an integer from 0 to 9, n′ is an integer from 0 to 9, and n″ is an integer from 0 to 9, and n+n′+n″≦9, and wherein at least one of R1, R2, and R3 is an ester nitrate selected from the group consisting of ONO2, CH2ONO2, and combinations thereof.