Nitrate Ester Compounds for Muscle Tissue Nitric Oxide Delivery
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Solution Overview
Problem
Muscular dystrophy, characterized by progressive muscle weakness and wasting, is exacerbated by reduced nitric oxide production due to dystrophin deficiency, impairing muscle regeneration and contraction, necessitating a method to deliver nitric oxide to muscle tissues for treatment and muscle function improvement.
Innovation Solution
A class of nitrate ester compounds capable of releasing nitric oxide, which also possess muscle relaxant properties, is administered to target muscle tissues, promoting myogenesis, reducing creatine kinase levels, and delaying dystrophic pathogenesis, thereby treating injured and diseased muscle tissue.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If nitric oxide is delivered to muscle tissues to promote regeneration and improve contraction, then muscle function and regeneration are improved, but the complexity of the treatment system increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses nitrate esters as intermediary compounds that deliver nitric oxide to muscle tissues. These compounds act as mediators between the external treatment and the target muscle cells, facilitating NO delivery without requiring complex delivery systems. The nitrate esters are administered systemically and naturally release NO at the target site, simplifying the overall treatment architecture while achieving reliable muscle regeneration effects.
2Productivity
If satellite cells are activated to enter the cell cycle for muscle repair, then muscle regeneration is enhanced, but energy consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs nitric oxide to perform preliminary activation of satellite cells before the energy-intensive cell division and muscle repair processes begin. By pre-activating the cells and putting them into a ready state, the subsequent repair work becomes more efficient and less energetically costly. The NO treatment prepares the cellular machinery in advance, reducing the overall energy burden during the actual regeneration phase.
3Object-affected harmful factors
If muscle fibers are relaxed to reduce contraction-induced damage, then muscle degeneration is suppressed, but muscle strength decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements periodic administration of nitrate esters to achieve cyclical muscle relaxation followed by normal function. This periodic treatment allows muscle fibers to relax during treatment phases, reducing contraction-induced damage, while maintaining strength during non-treatment phases. The oscillating treatment protocol creates alternating periods of protection and functional maintenance, resolving the contradiction between damage suppression and strength preservation.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The nitrate ester compounds increase myogenesis, improve exercise performance, and delay muscle degeneration in dystrophic muscles, providing therapeutic benefits for muscular dystrophy by enhancing muscle regeneration and relaxation.
Implementation Method 1
A class of nitrate ester compounds capable of releasing nitric oxide
Data Source
AI summary
Alkyl nitrate ester compounds are provided for the delivery of nitric oxide to targeted muscle tissues, and in particular, to normal and dystrophic muscles. In one aspect, nitrate ester compounds are provided having the following formula:wherein,R1 is ONO2, CH2ONO2, CnH2n+1OH, CnH2n+1OH, or CH2CH2CH3, or H;R2 is ONO2, CH2ONO2, Cn′H2n′+1OH, Cn′H2n′+1OH, CH2CH2CH3 or H; andR3 is ONO2, CH2ONO2, Cn′″H2n″+1OH, Cn″H2n″+1OH, CH2CH2CH3 or H;wherein n is an integer from 0 to 9, n′ is an integer from 0 to 9, and n″ is an integer from 0 to 9, and n+n′+n″≦9, and wherein at least one of R1, R2, and R3 is an ester nitrate selected from the group consisting of ONO2, CH2ONO2, and combinations thereof.