Nitric Oxide Delivery System Respiratory Feedback Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for administering pharmaceutical gases like carbon monoxide and nitric oxide are prone to variability due to patient-specific respiratory patterns, leading to inconsistent dosing and potential toxicity or ineffectiveness.
Innovation Solution
A system that allows precise control of the pharmaceutical gas delivery to the patient's alveoli, independent of respiratory patterns, by determining and administering a predetermined quantity of the gas through a controlled delivery system, including an inlet and gas control system connected to a patient device, with options for setting dosage per unit of time or total quantity, and alerting mechanisms for completion of the prescribed dose.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If constant concentration dosing is used, then the dosing method is simple, but the actual dose delivered varies widely due to patient respiratory variability
Solution Approach 1:
The system transitions from delivering constant concentration to delivering variable concentration based on real-time monitoring of respiratory parameters (tidal volume, respiratory rate, V/Q matching). The gas concentration and flow rate are dynamically adjusted to compensate for patient variability, ensuring consistent actual dose delivery while maintaining operational simplicity through automated control.
2Measurement precision
If patient-specific respiratory variability is accommodated, then dosing accuracy improves, but system complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system incorporates real-time monitoring of patient respiratory parameters (tidal volume, respiratory rate, V/Q matching) and uses this feedback to dynamically adjust gas delivery. This closed-loop control automatically compensates for patient variability without requiring complex manual adjustments, achieving accurate dosing while keeping the system manageable through automated adaptation.
Solution Approach 2:
The system transitions from static constant concentration delivery to dynamic variable concentration delivery that adapts to changing patient respiratory patterns. The gas flow and concentration are continuously adjusted based on real-time patient status, enabling accurate dosing that responds to physiological changes without requiring complex reconfiguration.
3Quantity of substance
If higher CO concentration is delivered, then therapeutic effect increases, but risk of carboxyhemoglobin toxicity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system uses real-time monitoring of patient respiratory parameters and actual dose delivery to dynamically adjust gas concentration. This feedback control ensures that therapeutic effects are achieved while automatically preventing excessive concentration that would lead to carboxyhemoglobin toxicity, maintaining safe and effective dosing throughout treatment.
Solution Approach 2:
The system dynamically adjusts gas concentration parameters based on real-time patient response and delivered dose calculations. By continuously optimizing concentration levels rather than using fixed high concentrations, the system achieves therapeutic effects while minimizing the risk of toxic carboxyhemoglobin formation.
Data Source
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AI summary
There is disclosed a nitric oxide delivery system comprising an inlet to connect to a source of pharmaceutical gas comprising nitric oxide; an outlet to connect to a device that introduces the pharmaceutical gas to a patient; a breath trigger sensor to monitor a patient's respiratory rate; and a gas control system in communication with the breath trigger sensor that delivers a varying quantity of pharmaceutical gas to the patient based on changes in the patient's respiratory rate.