Nitrided Steel Part Phase Control for Fatigue Strength

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing nitrided parts face insufficient bending fatigue strength and wear resistance due to suboptimal composition and structure of the compound layer, particularly in the presence of CO2 ambient gas and varying nitriding conditions.

Innovation Solution

Controlled nitriding of steel with specific elemental compositions and nitriding potential to form a compound layer predominantly consisting of γ' phases, suppressing pore formation and achieving optimal hardness and phase ratios for enhanced fatigue strength and wear resistance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Stability of the object's composition

If gas nitrocarburizing is performed using CO2 for the ambient gas, then the surface side of the compound layer becomes ε phases, but the bending fatigue strength becomes insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvephase composition of compound layerVSAvoidbending fatigue strength
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The invention changes the chemical composition parameters of the steel material, specifically controlling the content of alloying elements (Ni: 0.5-2.0%, Cr: 1.0-3.0%, Mn: 0.5-2.0%, Mo: 0.1-0.6%, B: 0.0005-0.0050%) to prevent ε phase formation and promote γ' phase formation in the compound layer during gas nitriding, thereby improving bending fatigue strength while maintaining composition stability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The invention uses a controlled gas atmosphere during nitriding treatment to create an optimal environment for forming a compound layer with high γ' phase content and low ε phase content, improving bending fatigue strength while maintaining phase composition control

Inventive Principle:
Principle #39Inert atmosphere (Inert environment)

2Reliability

If the compound layer thickness is increased to improve wear resistance, then the wear resistance improves, but the rotating bending fatigue strength may become insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewear resistanceVSAvoidrotating bending fatigue strength
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The invention optimizes the thickness parameter of the compound layer to be 5-20 μm, which provides sufficient wear resistance while avoiding excessive thickness that would reduce rotating bending fatigue strength. This parameter optimization balances both requirements

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The invention creates a compound layer with non-uniform phase distribution, concentrating γ' phases (which provide toughness and fatigue resistance) in the region most critical for rotating bending fatigue strength, while maintaining overall wear resistance through the compound layer structure

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Strength

If the γ' phase ratio in the compound layer is increased to improve rotating bending fatigue strength, then the rotating bending fatigue strength improves, but the contact fatigue strength may become insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improverotating bending fatigue strengthVSAvoidcontact fatigue strength
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The invention optimizes the γ' phase ratio parameter to be 50-80% in the compound layer, which provides sufficient rotating bending fatigue strength while maintaining adequate contact fatigue strength. This parameter optimization balances both fatigue strength requirements

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The invention creates local quality variations in the compound layer by controlling the distribution of γ' phases and ε phases at different depths and regions, with γ' phases concentrated in regions critical for rotating bending fatigue while maintaining overall contact fatigue resistance through the compound layer structure

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

4Reliability

If the compound layer hardness is increased to improve wear resistance, then the wear resistance improves, but the seizing resistance may become insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewear resistanceVSAvoidseizing resistance
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The invention optimizes the compound layer hardness parameter to be 650-850 HV, which provides sufficient wear resistance while avoiding excessive hardness that would reduce seizing resistance. This parameter optimization balances both requirements

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The invention creates a composite structure in the compound layer consisting of γ' phases and ε phases, where γ' phases provide toughness and seizing resistance while ε phases contribute to hardness and wear resistance, achieving a balance between the two properties through phase composition control

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The approach results in nitrided parts with improved contact fatigue strength and rotating bending fatigue strength, suitable for gear and CVT/camshaft applications, with compound layers exhibiting 50-80% γ' phase area ratios and low pore content, achieving hardness values above 730 HV.

Implementation Method 1

Nitriding is method of treatment of causing nitrogen to penetrate into the surface of the steel material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectNitriding: Nitriding

Implementation Method 2

the surface layer of the steel material below the compound layer is formed with a hardened layer of the nitrogen diffusion layer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffusion: Diffusion

Implementation Method 3

the surface of the steel material is formed with a compound layer of a thickness of 10 μm or more (layer at which Fe 3 N or other nitride has precipitated)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPrecipitation: Precipitation

Data Source

PatentEP3712287B1Nitrided part
Publication Date: 2023.07.19 NIPPON STEEL CORPORATION
  • EP3712287B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3712287B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3712287B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The present invention has as its technical problem the provision of a part excellent in contact fatigue strength or wear resistance in addition to the rotating bending fatigue strength. In the present invention, the contents of the constituents of the steel, in particular C, Mn, Cr, V, and Mo, are adjusted in accordance with the targeted properties and nitrided parts are prepared while controlling the nitriding potential.