Nitrogen-Doped Olivine Cathode for High-Temperature Battery Stability

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Solution Overview

Problem

Lithium batteries face challenges in achieving high energy density, small volume, and light weight, especially in high-temperature cyclic characteristics, which are crucial for small devices and electric vehicles, and existing cathode active materials do not adequately address these requirements.

Innovation Solution

A cathode active material with an olivine structure and nitrogen-doped core, where nitrogen is introduced by contacting the material with ammonia gas at elevated temperatures, forming a conductive and stable oxynitride or nitride phase, and optionally coated with conductive carbon, to enhance conductivity and high-rate performance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If nitrogen is doped into the olivine structure core by contacting with ammonia gas at elevated temperature, then conductivity and high-rate characteristics are improved, but manufacturing process complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveconductivity and high-rate characteristicsVSAvoidmanufacturing process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by controlling the doping temperature (300-400°C) and time (1-600 minutes) to achieve optimal nitrogen doping levels. This resolves the contradiction by finding the right parameter window that improves conductivity while avoiding excessive process complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses ammonia gas as an intermediary to introduce nitrogen into the olivine structure. The ammonia serves as a nitrogen source that reacts with the material surface, forming nitrogen-doped regions without requiring complex direct nitrogen introduction equipment

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Stability of the object's composition

If the core includes nitrogen and oxygen with specific composition ratio, then structural stability is maintained, but manufacturing precision requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestructural stabilityVSAvoidnitrogen to oxygen composition ratio control
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The doping process allows the material to self-regulate the nitrogen incorporation through controlled reaction with ammonia gas. The nitrogen and oxygen composition naturally stabilizes within the desired range (N:O = 1:100 to 2.44:69.66) through the doping process itself, reducing the need for post-processing adjustment

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Productivity

If the material is contacted with ammonia gas at 300-400°C for extended time, then nitrogen doping efficiency increases, but energy consumption increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenitrogen doping efficiencyVSAvoidenergy consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSUse of energy by stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs periodic doping cycles with controlled time intervals (1-600 minutes) to achieve sufficient nitrogen incorporation. By using multiple shorter doping cycles or optimized single cycles, the process achieves good doping efficiency while managing energy consumption through controlled heating periods

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The nitrogen-doped olivine structure cathode active material improves lithium battery conductivity and high-rate characteristics, maintaining structural stability and capacity, suitable for high-temperature applications in electric vehicles and other energy storage devices.

Implementation Method 1

a nitrogen atom doped into at least a portion of the core

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectNitrogen doping: Dopants

Implementation Method 2

contacting a material having an olivine structure with a nitrogen precursor gas consisting of ammonia at 300-400°C

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectChemical vapor deposition: Chemical Vapour Deposition

Data Source

PatentEP2424013B1Cathode active material, method of preparing the same, and cathode and lithium battery including the cathode active material
Publication Date: 2015.09.30 SAMSUNG SDI CO LTD
  • EP2424013B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2424013B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3C
  • EP2424013B1 patent drawingFigure 4A~4B

AI summary

A cathode active material includes a core including a material having an olivine structure, and a nitrogen atom doped into at least a portion of the core.