Nitrogen-Based Lignin Flame Retardant for Resins
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current flame retardant agents, such as halogen-based and phosphorous-based materials, have limitations due to toxicity, environmental concerns, and the need for high additive amounts, which can compromise mechanical properties and lead to excessive smoke and toxic gas production, necessitating a halogen-free, phosphorous-free, and low-additive solution.
Innovation Solution
A nitrogen-based lignin is formed by reacting lignin with a nitrogen-containing compound and an aldehyde under alkaline conditions, which serves as a flame retardant agent when combined with thermosetting or thermoplastic resins, enhancing flame retardant properties while minimizing environmental impact and mechanical property reduction.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-affected harmful factors
If halogen-based flame retardant agents are used, then flame retardant effect is achieved, but toxic gases such as dioxin or furan are produced
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the chemical composition parameters by using nitrogen-containing compounds (melamine, urea, thiourea) instead of halogen-based compounds, and controls the nitrogen content at 2-10% by weight to achieve flame retardancy without producing toxic dioxin or furan gases during combustion
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates a composite flame retardant system by combining nitrogen-containing compounds with lignin and aldehydes through condensation reaction, forming a composite material that achieves flame retardant effect while avoiding the toxic gas production associated with pure halogen-based agents
2Object-affected harmful factors
If phosphorous-based flame retardant agents are used, then safety is improved, but eutrophication of rivers and lakes occurs
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the chemical basis from phosphorous-containing compounds to nitrogen-containing compounds, maintaining flame safety while eliminating phosphorous that causes eutrophication in water bodies
3Object-generated harmful factors
If inorganic flame retardant agents are used, then environmental friendliness is achieved, but mechanical properties are reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The invention creates an organic composite flame retardant material combining nitrogen-containing compounds, lignin, and aldehydes that maintains better compatibility with the polymer matrix compared to inorganic fillers, thereby preserving mechanical properties while remaining environmentally friendly
Solution Approach 2:
The invention optimizes the additive amount to 0.1-10% by weight through controlled condensation reaction, achieving effective flame retardancy with minimal impact on mechanical properties
4Object-affected harmful factors
If high additive amounts of flame retardant agents are used, then flame retardant effect is achieved, but mechanical properties are reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the efficiency parameter by using a condensed flame retardant agent with optimized nitrogen content (2-10%) and controlled additive amount (0.1-10%), achieving high flame retardant efficiency at low concentrations that minimally impacts mechanical properties
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The nitrogen-based lignin effectively enhances flame retardant properties, achieving V0 or V1 ratings under the UL-94 standard with reduced additive amounts, minimizing smoke and toxicity, and maintaining mechanical integrity.
Implementation Method 1
reacting 1 part by weight of lignin, 0.8 to 2.4 parts by weight of a nitrogen-containing compound, and 0.3 to 0.9 parts by weight of an aldehyde under an alkaline condition
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed is a flame retardant agent, including a nitrogen-based lignin formed by reacting 1 part by weight of lignin, 0.8 to 2.4 parts by weight of a nitrogen-containing compound, and 0.3 to 0.9 parts by weight of an aldehyde under an alkaline condition. The flame retardant agent can be added to thermoplastic or thermosetting resins to form flame retardant materials.