Nitrogen-Phosphorus Co-Doped Porous Carbon for Supercapacitors
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing supercapacitors face limitations in energy storage and conversion capabilities, with a need for improved properties to meet increasing energy demands, particularly in the area of heteroatom co-doping of carbon materials for enhanced electrochemical performance.
Innovation Solution
A sheet-shaped nitrogen-phosphorus co-doped porous carbon material is synthesized through a method involving the reaction of aniline and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene under controlled temperature and pressure conditions, followed by high-temperature treatment to produce a material suitable for supercapacitor electrodes with improved electrical properties.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If single heteroatom doping is used to functionalize porous carbon electrode material, then the material gains acidic or alkaline active sites for pseudocapacitance, but the energy storage and conversion capabilities are insufficient to meet increasing energy demands
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines nitrogen and phosphorus heteroatoms in a co-doped porous carbon structure, merging the benefits of both heteroatoms to create synergistic effects that enhance both pseudocapacitance and energy storage capabilities beyond what single heteroatom doping can achieve
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates a composite porous carbon material with dual heteroatom doping (nitrogen and phosphorus), forming a composite structure that integrates multiple functional properties including enhanced wettability, increased active sites, and improved ion transfer pathways for superior electrochemical performance
2Quantity of substance
If heteroatom doping is applied to improve wettability and ion transfer, then the specific capacitance increases through pseudocapacitance, but the charge-discharge current capability and cycle stability are limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces heteroatom functional groups at specific locations on the porous carbon surface, creating localized acidic or alkaline active sites that generate pseudocapacitance, while maintaining the overall porous structure's conductivity and ion transport pathways for fast charge-discharge capability
Solution Approach 2:
The invention utilizes a porous carbon structure with heteroatom doping, where the porous architecture provides efficient ion transfer pathways and the heteroatom functional groups contribute pseudocapacitance, achieving both high specific capacitance and fast charge-discharge rates
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The resulting material exhibits high current charge-discharge capability, excellent cycle stability, and large storage capacity, making it suitable for supercapacitors with industrial potential and enhanced energy storage applications.
Implementation Method 1
mixing aniline and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, undergoing a closed reaction for 2-24 h at a pressure of 1-10 MPa and a temperature of 140-260° C.
Implementation Method 2
under inert gas protection, the obtained solid substance in step (1) is treated for 1-6 h at a high temperature of 400-1000° C., and the sheet-shaped nitrogen-phosphorus co-doped porous carbon material is obtained
Implementation Method 3
functional groups can be introduced on the surface of the material with the heteroatom doping of porous carbon electrode material, which is beneficial to adsorbing electrolyte ions, further improving the hydrophobic or hydrophilic of the carbon materials, enhancing the wettability of the electrode materials
Implementation Method 4
the heteroatom functional groups on the surface of the carbon materials make the materials have acidic or alkaline active sites, and a Faraday oxidation-reduction reaction occurs between the active sites and the electrolyte ions, thereby pseudocapacitance is generated to increase the specific capacitance of the electrode materials
Data Source
AI summary
Provided is a sheet-shaped nitrogen-phosphorus co-doped porous carbon material, prepared and obtained according to the following method: mixing aniline and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, undergoing a closed reaction for 2-24 h at a pressure of 1-10 MPa and a temperature of 140-260° C., then pressure is released to atmospheric pressure and steam drying is performed to obtain a solid substance; under inert gas protection, the obtained solid substance is treated for 1-6 h at a high temperature of 400-1000° C., and the finished product is obtained; the sheet-shaped nitrogen-phosphorus co-doped porous carbon material thus provided has excellent electrical properties and may be used for fabricating capacitor electrodes and especially supercapacitor electrodes; thus it may be used in capacitors and especially supercapacitors, and has great application potential and industrial value in the field of energy storage.