Nitroxoline Prodrug Extends Half-Life and Solubility
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Solution Overview
Problem
Nitroxoline, a commercially used antibacterial drug, has a short biological half-life and low water solubility, requiring frequent administration and limiting its application beyond urinary tract infections due to its rapid metabolism and excretion, which also increases production costs.
Innovation Solution
A nitroxoline prodrug is designed to improve pharmacokinetic parameters such as water solubility and biological half-life, reducing administration frequency and expanding its application areas by being metabolized into nitroxoline in the body.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If nitroxoline is administered frequently to maintain continuous drug exposure, then the therapeutic effect is improved, but patient compliance decreases and economic losses increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by developing a prodrug formulation that is metabolized into nitroxoline in the body. This prodrug (compound of formula I) is designed to be converted by bodily enzymes into active nitroxoline, thereby maintaining continuous drug exposure without requiring frequent administration. The prodrug approach allows the drug to be prepared in advance with improved pharmacokinetic properties, including extended half-life and better water solubility, which enables less frequent dosing while maintaining therapeutic efficacy.
2Quantity of substance
If nitroxoline is prepared into immediate-release formulation to improve water solubility, then the solubility is improved, but production cost increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by modifying the chemical structure of nitroxoline to create a prodrug with improved water solubility. The prodrug contains hydrophilic groups (such as carboxylic acid, hydroxyl, or amino groups) that enhance water solubility without requiring complex immediate-release formulation technologies. This structural modification approach changes the physicochemical parameters of the drug molecule itself, providing inherent solubility improvement while avoiding the need for expensive formulation processes.
3Duration of action of moving object
If the biological half-life of nitroxoline is extended, then the administration frequency is reduced, but the drug metabolism and excretion pathway limitations remain
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies the intermediary principle by introducing a prodrug as an intermediate form that is metabolized into nitroxoline. This prodrug intermediary allows the drug to bypass the limitations of direct nitroxoline administration. The prodrug can be designed with different metabolic pathways and tissue distribution patterns, potentially enabling application in areas beyond urinary tract infections and bladder cancer. The intermediary prodrug form extends half-life and improves solubility, while its metabolic conversion to nitroxoline maintains the therapeutic mechanism of action.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The nitroxoline prodrug extends the biological half-life and improves water solubility, allowing for less frequent administration and broader therapeutic applications beyond urinary tract infections, thereby enhancing patient compliance and reducing economic burdens.
Implementation Method 1
A prodrug is a compound obtained by chemical modification of an active drug, which is transformed into the original drug by the action of enzymes in the body to exert its efficacy
Data Source
AI summary
Provided are a nitroxoline prodrug and a use thereof. Specifically, provided are a compound represented by formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a preparation method therefor, a composition containing the compound, and a use thereof in the preparation of anti-infective and antitumor drugs, and definitions of groups in formula (I) are as stated in the specification. The compound represented by formula (I) has better pharmacokinetic parameters such as solubility, blood medicine concentration, or half-life period than nitroxoline. The compound represented by formula (I) can reduce the frequency of drug administration, and has potential for application in other fields other than the field of urinary tracts.