NMC Cathode Material Firing with Two-Stage Kiln Heat Treatment

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional methods for preparing lithium nickel manganese cobalt-based positive electrode active materials suffer from low quality consistency and increased production time due to temperature variance and moisture issues in continuous firing furnaces like roller hearth kilns.

Innovation Solution

A two-step heat-treatment process involving primary heat treatment in a continuous firing furnace followed by secondary heat treatment in a rotary kiln, which includes pulverization or size classification, to form a lithium nickel manganese cobalt-based positive electrode active material.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If a roller hearth kiln is used for firing, then material flow and moisture removal are improved, but temperature variance increases leading to low quality consistency

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvematerial flowVSAvoidquality consistency
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The firing process is divided into two separate stages: primary heat treatment in a roller hearth kiln for moisture removal, and secondary heat treatment in a rotary kiln for uniform temperature distribution. This segmentation allows each stage to optimize for its specific function, resolving the contradiction between material flow efficiency and quality consistency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The fired mixture obtained after primary heat treatment serves as an intermediary material that is then subjected to secondary heat treatment. This intermediary step allows the system to benefit from both the efficient moisture removal of the roller hearth kiln and the uniform heating of the rotary kiln, achieving both good material flow and high quality consistency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Manufacturing precision

If firing temperature is increased to improve quality consistency, then production time increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvequality consistencyVSAvoidproduction time
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The heat treatment process is segmented into two stages with different temperature profiles and durations. The first stage removes moisture at moderate temperature, and the second stage achieves uniform heating and quality consistency. This segmentation avoids the need for excessively high temperatures or extended single-stage firing, thereby reducing overall production time while maintaining quality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Moisture removal is performed as a preliminary action before the main sintering process. By removing moisture in the first stage, the second stage can focus on uniform heating and crystal growth without the complications of moisture interference, allowing for optimized temperature and time parameters that reduce total production time while ensuring quality consistency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Device complexity

If single-stage heat treatment is used, then process complexity is reduced, but particle performance consistency deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprocess complexityVSAvoidparticle performance consistency
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The heat treatment process is divided into two distinct stages: primary heat treatment for moisture removal and secondary heat treatment for uniform heating and sintering. Each stage uses equipment optimized for its specific function (roller hearth kiln and rotary kiln respectively), which improves particle performance consistency despite the increased process complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method achieves excellent quality consistency and improved productivity by reducing cation mixing and physical property variance, shortening production time, and enhancing electrochemical characteristics.

Implementation Method 1

introducing a reaction mixture including a lithium source material and a nickel-manganese-cobalt precursor into a continuous firing furnace and subjecting the same to primary heat treatment

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat treatment: Heating

Implementation Method 2

introducing the fired mixture having been pulverized or size-classified into a rotary kiln and subjecting the same to a secondary heat treatment

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat treatment: Heating

Data Source

PatentUS12603273B2Method of preparing positive electrode active material
Publication Date: 2026.04.14 LG CHEM LTD

AI summary

A method of preparing a positive electrode active material that includes introducing a reaction mixture including a lithium source material and a nickel-manganese-cobalt precursor into a continuous firing furnace and subjecting the same to primary heat treatment, thereby preparing a fired mixture; subjecting the fired mixture to pulverization or size classification; and introducing the fired mixture having been pulverized or size-classified into a rotary kiln and subjecting the same to secondary heat treatment, thereby forming a lithium nickel manganese cobalt-based positive electrode active material.