NMR Measurement Method Preserving Magnetization for Time Resolution
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current time-resolved NMR measurement methods have low time resolution due to lengthy waiting times for magnetization recovery, making it difficult to observe fast chemical reactions or crystallization processes effectively.
Innovation Solution
The method involves performing one type of NMR measurement while preserving magnetization for the next, allowing subsequent measurements to start without waiting time, either immediately or concurrently, thereby reducing overall waiting time and increasing time resolution.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional time-resolved NMR measurement is performed with full magnetization recovery waiting time between solution-state and solid-state measurements, then measurement reliability is ensured, but time resolution deteriorates significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by performing solution-state NMR measurement first to preserve magnetization before conducting solid-state measurement. This sequence allows the second measurement to utilize remaining magnetization without requiring full recovery time, thereby reducing total measurement time while ensuring both measurements obtain sufficient signal quality
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the measurement parameters by adjusting the number of scans and signal averaging strategies for each measurement type. Solution-state measurement uses fewer scans (e.g., 128) while solid-state uses more scans (e.g., 256), optimizing the balance between measurement speed and signal-to-noise ratio for each technique
2Measurement precision
If the number of NMR signal acquisitions is increased to improve signal quality, then measurement precision improves, but measurement time increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies partial action by performing solution-state measurement with a smaller number of scans (128 times) compared to solid-state measurement (256 times). This partial approach is sufficient for solution-state due to stronger signals, while solid-state requires more scans for adequate signal quality, optimizing the balance between precision and time
Solution Approach 2:
The patent maintains continuity of useful action by eliminating idle waiting time between solution-state and solid-state measurements. The solid-state measurement begins immediately after solution-state measurement completes, utilizing the preserved magnetization continuously without interruption, thereby reducing total measurement time while maintaining signal quality
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach significantly reduces the total waiting time, potentially by half, enabling higher time resolution and the ability to observe fast processes that were previously unmeasurable.
Implementation Method 1
time-resolved nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurement methods
Implementation Method 2
The relaxation delay is 'waiting time' for recovering magnetization by forming a thermal equilibrium state in a static magnetic field
Implementation Method 3
cross polarization magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) measurement. More specifically, 1H is irradiated with a single pulse, and then, magnetization is transferred from 1H to 13C using CP
Implementation Method 4
magnetization is transferred from 1H to 13C using CP. Subsequently, an FID signal coming from 13C is observed. As dipole-dipole interaction is averaged due to molecular motion in the solution
Implementation Method 5
The MAS method is a method for performing NMR measurement while spinning a container containing a sample, at high speed in a state in which the container is inclined at a predetermined angle (magic angle) with respect to the static magnetic field
Data Source
AI summary
A whole measurement process includes a plurality of step combinations. Each of the step combinations is composed of a solution-state measurement step and a solid-state measurement step. In the solution-state measurement step, solution-state NMR measurement is performed such that magnetization that is to be used in the solid-state measurement step remains. In the solid-state measurement step, solid-state NMR measurement is performed by using the magnetization that remains. No waiting time for recovering magnetization is provided between the solution-state measurement step and the solid-state measurement step. The solid-state measurement step may be performed earlier, and the solution-state measurement step may be performed later. Alternatively, the two steps may be performed simultaneously.