NMR Tomography Using Non-Bijective Spatially Varying Magnetic Fields

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) systems face limitations due to rapid changes in magnetic field gradients, which cause mechanical load, noise, and neuronal stimulation, making it difficult to achieve high-resolution imaging without significant mechanical interaction and noise.

Innovation Solution

The use of a non-bijective spatially varying magnetic field (NBSEM) with local extreme values divides the imaging area into partial areas with non-unidirectional magnetic field distributions, allowing for reduced mechanical forces and faster switching times, while using multiple receiver coils with varying sensitivity to ensure accurate signal association.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If conventional gradients are used to achieve high-resolution imaging, then local resolution is improved, but mechanical load and noise increase substantially

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelocal resolutionVSAvoidmechanical load and noise
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The imaging area is divided into multiple partial areas, each with its own gradient system. This segmentation allows each gradient to operate at lower strength individually, reducing mechanical load and noise while maintaining overall imaging resolution through the combined effect of multiple partial gradients.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Different gradient strengths and configurations are applied to different partial areas according to local imaging requirements. Each partial area receives customized gradient encoding optimized for its specific spatial characteristics, reducing unnecessary mechanical interaction in regions where high resolution is not required.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Productivity

If conventional gradients are used to achieve fast imaging, then measuring time is reduced, but neuronal stimulation occurs

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemeasuring timeVSAvoidneuronal stimulation
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

By dividing the imaging area into partial areas with separate gradient systems, the patent enables parallel processing of multiple regions simultaneously. This segmentation allows faster imaging through concurrent measurement in different areas while keeping individual gradient changes slow enough to avoid neuronal stimulation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The gradient systems in different partial areas can be switched in a coordinated periodic manner, allowing rapid sequential imaging across multiple regions while maintaining slow individual gradient transitions that are safe for neuronal tissue.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

3Object-affected harmful factors

If local gradient systems are used to reduce neuronal stimulation, then neuronal stimulation is minimized, but mechanical interaction and vibration increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveneuronal stimulationVSAvoidmechanical interaction and vibration
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the imaging area into multiple partial areas, each with dedicated gradient systems. This segmentation allows the use of weaker, more localized gradients that minimize neuronal stimulation while the distributed architecture reduces mechanical interaction by preventing the need for strong global gradient changes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The gradient systems in different partial areas generate opposing magnetic field changes that can compensate for each other's mechanical effects. When adjacent partial areas have opposing gradient directions, the resulting Lorentz forces partially cancel out, reducing overall mechanical interaction and vibration.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #8Anti-weight (Counterweight)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enables the production of high-quality images with reduced magnetic field differences, minimizing mechanical forces and noise, and allowing for faster imaging times while maintaining image quality.

Implementation Method 1

a gradient system (10) which can generate at least one spatially varying and optionally time-varying magnetic field for at least one-dimensional local encoding of measuring signals

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMagnetic field: Magnetic Field

Implementation Method 2

the RF response of the atomic nuclei is read-out using suitable receiver coils

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 3

The local magnetic field strength determines the local Larmor frequency

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLarmor precession: Magnetic Field

Implementation Method 4

The interaction with the main field of the magnet generates Lorentz forces

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLorentz force: Lorentz Force

Data Source

PatentUS7411395B2Apparatus and method for NMR tomography acquisition with local magnetic field gradients in connection with local receiver coils
Publication Date: 2008.08.12 UNIVERSITATSKLINIKUM FREIBURG
  • US7411395B2 patent drawing
  • US7411395B2 patent drawing
  • US7411395B2 patent drawing

AI summary

A magnetic resonance tomography apparatus, includes a gradient system that can generate at least one spatially varying and optionally time-varying magnetic field for at least one-dimensional local encoding of measuring signals in an area of a test sample to be imaged. The gradient system contains at least one subsystem which can generate a non-bijective spatially varying magnetic (NBSEM) field for local encoding, such that the function of the field strength of such an NBSEM within the area to be imaged has at least one local extreme value (maximum or minimum), such that the area to be imaged is divided along the hyper surface formed by the entirety of all local extreme values of the at least one NBSEM. The apparatus can produce images of the same quality with smaller magnetic field differences and permits easy realization.