Electro-physical Apparatus for NO to NO2 Conversion
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current devices fail to effectively and consistently reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) in engine emissions to meet stringent regulatory standards, particularly in maintaining low NOx levels over time.
Innovation Solution
A serial-phase treatment system that uses a high-frequency, high-voltage single-phase alternating current generator to convert nitric oxide (NO) to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), facilitating easier interception and subsequent sequestration using catalytic converters, employing a multipolar generator connected to inductive circuits and high-frequency resonant circuits within a magnetic field to ionize molecular nitrogen and react it with NO to form NO2.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional NOx reduction devices are used, then some NOx removal is achieved, but the devices fail to meet stringent regulatory standards and cannot maintain tight parameters over time
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by converting nitric oxide (NO) to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in a first treatment phase before the exhaust reaches the catalytic converter. This pre-conversion step ensures that the subsequent catalytic treatment operates on NO2 which is easier to sequester, thereby guaranteeing consistent NOx reduction that meets stringent regulatory standards throughout the engine's operational life
2Productivity
If high-frequency, high-voltage single-phase alternating current is used to convert NO to NO2, then the conversion efficiency increases, but the device complexity and energy consumption increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the NOx treatment process into two distinct phases: first, an electro-physical conversion phase using high-frequency, high-voltage single-phase alternating current to convert NO to NO2; second, a catalytic sequestration phase. This segmentation allows each phase to be optimized independently, achieving high conversion efficiency while managing overall system complexity through functional decomposition
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes parameter changes by employing high-frequency (greater than 100 kHz) and high-voltage (greater than 20 kV) electrical parameters to achieve effective NO to NO2 conversion. These specific parameter ranges are selected to optimize the electro-physical treatment effectiveness, enabling efficient NOx conversion despite the increased complexity of the electrical apparatus
3Productivity
If the rotation speed of the engine increases, then the volume of exhaust gases increases, but the current treatment system may not process the increased flow rate effectively
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies dynamics by making the electrical treatment parameters adaptive to engine operating conditions. The high-frequency, high-voltage single-phase alternating current system can be modulated to match varying exhaust gas flow rates caused by different engine rotation speeds, ensuring effective NOx treatment across the entire operating range from idle to high-speed conditions
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enables more efficient and effective NOx reduction by transforming NO into NO2, making it easier to capture during further treatment stages, thereby meeting regulatory requirements and improving the effectiveness of NOx removal systems.
Implementation Method 1
supplied with single-phase alternating current at frequencies higher than 100 kHz and voltages higher than 20kV is capable of making a significant transformation of the molecular nitrogen included in the engine (ref. 1) exhausts to nitrogen N (atomic number 7) at active status
Implementation Method 2
The single-phase alternating current generator (ref. 9) supply the primary inductive circuit (ref. 10), that is connected to the secondary circuit (ref. 11). The ratio between inductances (ref. 10 and ref. 11) chokes, determines a high rise of voltage at the capacitor (ref. 12) terminals
Implementation Method 3
The apparatus (ref. 3) subject of this invention supplied with single-phase alternating current at frequencies higher than 100 kHz and voltages higher than 20kV is capable of making a significant transformation of the molecular nitrogen included in the engine (ref. 1) exhausts to nitrogen N (atomic number 7) at active status
Data Source
Figure 1
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Figure 3
AI summary
The Electro-physical apparatus for the activation of nitrogen contained in engines at internal combustion emissions is powered by single-phase alternating currents generated by single-phase alternating current multipolar generator that flow through an inductive circuit able to surge the voltage up to 20 KV and the frequency to 100KHz. The molecular nitrogen N (atomic number 7) flowing through multiple parallel metallic ducts is converted to active nitrogen N*, condition allowing the its selective combination with nitric oxide NO sorting out nitrogen dioxide N02. The conversion of nitrogen from nitric status to dioxide status is one fundamental, condition of the preliminary treatment of NOx for having a future step in removing the nitrogen dioxide N02.