Correlation Calculation Using Noise-Added Analog Signal Processing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional spread spectrum radar apparatuses require high-speed, high-resolution AD converters to calculate correlation values, which are costly, power-consuming, and difficult to integrate, limiting their dynamic range and sensitivity.
Innovation Solution
A signal processing apparatus that calculates correlation values by adding a noise signal to an analog signal, comparing it with a given voltage, performing an exclusive OR operation with a digital code, and accumulating results over a specific period, eliminating the need for high-speed AD converters.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If a high-speed, high-resolution AD converter is used to calculate correlation values in spread spectrum radar apparatuses, then measurement precision and dynamic range are improved, but device complexity, cost, and power consumption increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the correlation calculation process into multiple stages: analog signal processing with noise addition, comparator-based digitization, XOR operations with code sequences, and incremental accumulation. This divides the原本 monolithic high-performance AD converter function into simpler, distributed processing stages that can be implemented with basic electronic components.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces the electronic/mechanical high-speed AD converter with an analog processing system using noise adders, comparators, and XOR gates. The system substitutes direct high-speed digital conversion with an analog correlation process that naturally achieves the same measurement precision without requiring high-speed digital components.
2Measurement precision
If a high-speed, high-resolution AD converter is used for correlation calculation, then dynamic range is improved, but power consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The power-consuming AD converter function is segmented into low-power analog components: noise adders that operate at low power, comparators that consume minimal energy, and incremental accumulators that process data sequentially rather than requiring high-speed parallel processing. This segmentation dramatically reduces overall power consumption while maintaining dynamic range.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent substitutes the high-power AD converter with an analog processing chain that operates at lower power levels. The noise addition and comparison operations are performed in the analog domain, avoiding the high power consumption associated with high-speed digital conversion and processing.
3Measurement precision
If a high-speed, high-resolution AD converter is used, then correlation calculation accuracy is improved, but cost increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses inexpensive, simple electronic components (noise adders, comparators, XOR gates, accumulators) instead of expensive high-performance AD converters. These basic components are readily available, low-cost, and can be implemented using standard integrated circuits, dramatically reducing system cost while achieving the same measurement accuracy.
Solution Approach 2:
The expensive AD converter is replaced with an analog processing system using basic electronic components. The substitution maintains correlation calculation accuracy by using the physical properties of analog signals and simple logic operations, avoiding the need for costly high-resolution digital conversion hardware.
4Productivity
If conventional spread spectrum radar apparatuses use high-speed AD converters, then signal processing capability is improved, but integration difficulty increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges multiple signal processing functions (noise addition, comparison, XOR operation, accumulation) into a unified analog processing architecture. This integration is achieved through standard electronic circuits that can be implemented on a single chip or module, avoiding the integration difficulties of high-speed AD converters while maintaining signal processing capability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent substitutes the difficult-to-integrate high-speed AD converter with an analog processing system using standard electronic components that are easily integrated. The noise adder, comparator, XOR gate, and accumulator can be implemented as standard integrated circuits, simplifying the overall system integration process.
Data Source
AI summary
A signal processing apparatus which calculates a correlation value between an input analog signal and a digital code includes: an adder which adds a noise signal to the analog signal; an analog comparator which compares, synchronously with a clock signal having a first period, a magnitude of the analog signal added with the noise signal with a reference voltage; a multiplier which receives an input of a comparison result from the analog comparator and the digital code and calculates, synchronously with the clock signal, an exclusive OR between the comparison result and the digital code; and a counter which accumulates calculation results from the multiplier over a second period in a time series, and calculates, as the correlation value, a difference between an accumulation result and one-half of a quotient of the second period and the first period.