Noise-Guessing Decoder With Symbol Masking for Noisy Channels

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current decoding algorithms face challenges in efficiently decoding data over noisy channels, particularly when the code rate exceeds the channel capacity, and they often require complex joint designs of codebooks and decoders, which can lead to high computational complexity and inefficiencies in handling noise variability.

Innovation Solution

A method for decoding coded symbols by iteratively guessing noise sequences and removing their effects from received data, using soft information to generate symbol masks that identify likely errors, allowing for approximate maximum likelihood decoding with bounded complexity and the ability to approach channel capacity without requiring extensive code-dependent decoding mechanisms.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If maximum likelihood decoding is used to achieve optimal decoding performance, then decoding accuracy is improved, but computational complexity increases significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedecoding accuracyVSAvoidcomputational complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The decoding process is segmented into two independent stages: (1) channel decoding to recover the codeword from the received signal, and (2) noise parameter estimation to determine the noise sequence. This segmentation allows each stage to be optimized independently, reducing overall computational complexity while maintaining maximum likelihood performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent inverts the traditional decoding approach by first estimating the noise parameters from the received signal and then using this noise information to simplify the codeword decoding process. This inversion transforms the difficult joint optimization problem into two simpler sequential problems, significantly reducing computational complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

2Measurement precision

If code-dependent decoding algorithms are used to achieve good performance for specific codes, then decoding accuracy is improved, but adaptability to different codebooks deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedecoding accuracyVSAvoidcodebook adaptability
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The decoding algorithm is designed with universal applicability to work with any linear block code, convolutional code, or rateless code without requiring code-specific modifications. The noise estimation component and syndrome-based decoding component can handle diverse code structures uniformly, achieving both good performance and high adaptability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The algorithm adapts to different codebooks by dynamically adjusting parameters such as the syndrome computation method, noise estimation order, and decoding threshold based on the specific code characteristics. This parameter adaptation allows the same core algorithm to achieve optimal performance across different code types and rates.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Reliability

If iterative noise guessing is performed to handle noise variability, then robustness to noise changes is improved, but processing time increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenoise robustnessVSAvoidprocessing time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The algorithm performs preliminary noise estimation using low-complexity methods (such as minimum mean square error estimation or decision-directed estimation) before the main decoding process. This preliminary action provides an initial noise estimate that guides the subsequent iterative refinement, reducing the number of iterations needed and thus processing time.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The decoding process incorporates feedback mechanisms where the decoded codeword is used to refine the noise estimate, which in turn improves the next decoding attempt. This feedback loop converges quickly to the optimal solution, achieving high noise robustness with limited iterations and acceptable processing time.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Data Source

PatentEP3729697B1Decoding signals by guessing noise
Publication Date: 2022.03.09 MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH
  • EP3729697B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3729697B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3729697B1 patent drawingFigure 2A

AI summary

Devices and methods described herein decode a sequence of coded symbols by guessing noise. In various embodiments, noise sequences are ordered, either during system initialization or on a periodic basis. Then, determining a codeword includes iteratively guessing a new noise sequence, removing its effect from received data symbols (e.g. by subtracting or using some other method of operational inversion), and checking whether the resulting data are a codeword using a codebook membership function. In various embodiments, soft information is used to generate a symbol mask that identifies the collection of symbols that are suspected to differ from the channel input, and only these are subject to guessing. This decoder embodies or approximates maximum likelihood (optionally with soft information) decoding for any code. In some embodiments, the decoder tests a bounded number of noise sequences, abandoning the search and declaring an erasure after these sequences are exhausted.