Non-Isolated Intermediate Bus Converter for Datacenter Power Efficiency

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current intermediate bus architectures in datacenters are becoming bulky and expensive due to the need for isolated components to protect against power spikes, which were originally designed for telecommunication systems but are not necessary in modern datacenters.

Innovation Solution

Replacing isolated intermediate bus converter circuitry with non-isolated topologies, including multiphase converters, to reduce size and improve power efficiency by removing unnecessary components like transformers and isolation circuitry, allowing the input and output power to be used to power the controller circuitry and optimizing power stage circuitry to meet specific system demands.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If isolated intermediate bus converter structure is used to protect against power spikes, then reliability is improved, but device complexity and size increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprotection against power spikesVSAvoidisolation circuitry components
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts and removes the isolation components (transformers, secondary rectifiers, isolation circuitry) from the intermediate bus converter, keeping only the essential power conversion functionality. This eliminates the complexity and size issues while maintaining the core voltage conversion function.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

Instead of using isolation to protect against power spikes, the patent inverts the approach by using over-voltage detection and control circuitry that actively monitors and responds to voltage conditions, converting the protection mechanism from passive isolation to active control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

2Reliability

If isolated intermediate bus converter structure is used, then protection against power spikes is provided, but cost increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprotection against power spikesVSAvoidmanufacturing cost
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent removes expensive isolation components (transformers, secondary rectifiers) and replaces them with simpler, lower-cost circuitry that performs the same protective function through active monitoring and control rather than passive isolation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses simpler, more economical components such as voltage dividers, zener diodes, and control circuitry that are significantly cheaper than traditional isolation components, while achieving the same protection goal.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

3Device complexity

If non-isolated topology is used, then device size is reduced, but power efficiency may be affected

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveconverter sizeVSAvoidpower efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements dynamic control of the power conversion process with adjustable switching frequencies and duty cycles that optimize efficiency across different operating conditions, compensating for the lack of isolation through intelligent power management.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes operating parameters such as switching frequency, duty cycle, and voltage levels dynamically to optimize power efficiency, using multiple operating modes that adapt to load conditions and maintain high efficiency without isolation components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Use of energy by moving object

If non-isolated topology is used, then power efficiency is improved, but protection capability may be reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower efficiencyVSAvoidprotection against power spikes
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements comprehensive feedback mechanisms with voltage dividers, zener diodes, and control circuitry that continuously monitor voltage conditions and provide real-time protection responses, ensuring reliability without compromising power efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses preliminary over-voltage detection and clamping circuitry that prevents power spikes from reaching vulnerable components before they can cause damage, providing proactive protection rather than reactive isolation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach reduces the size and cost of intermediate bus converters, enhances power efficiency, and allows backup battery systems to operate longer by enabling operation at voltages closer to the output voltage, improving overall power conversion efficiency and reducing the need for external power sources.

Implementation Method 1

power stage circuitry, comprising a non-isolated converter, configured to convert a DC source voltage to one or more DC output voltage

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Data Source

PatentUS9335774B1Non-isolated intermediate bus converter
Publication Date: 2016.05.10 GOOGLE LLC

AI summary

In many aspects, the systems and methods described herein include circuitry for an intermediate bus converter for use in a datacenter. The systems and methods described herein describe an intermediate bus converter comprising power stage circuitry, comprising a non-isolated converter, configured to convert a DC source voltage to one or more DC output voltages, wherein the DC source voltage is received from a front-end AC-to-DC converter. The intermediate bus converter further comprising controller circuitry configured to receive both the DC source voltage and the DC output voltage, and generate an at least one control signal to control the operation of the power stage circuitry.