Non-Parallel Waveguide Assemblies for AR Image Quality

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Solution Overview

Problem

In near-eye display devices, the spatial translation of images using optical waveguides often results in image degradation due to physical space and shape constraints, particularly in mirror configurations where multiple waveguides are employed, leading to misalignment and interference fringes that affect image quality.

Innovation Solution

The use of tunable waveguide assemblies with non-parallel waveguides and diffractive optical elements, where input and output couplers are adjusted to align light paths and compensate for airgap wedges, ensuring that light from different waveguides is emitted at the same angles to reduce misalignment and interference fringes, thereby enhancing image quality.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Volume of moving object

If multiple waveguides are employed in mirror configuration to meet spatial constraints, then the device can be compact and fit NED form factors, but image degradation occurs due to misalignment and interference fringes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedevice volumeVSAvoidimage quality
Core Design Contradiction:
Volume of moving objectVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies asymmetry by using non-parallel waveguides instead of traditional parallel waveguides in mirror configuration. The waveguides are angled relative to each other, which eliminates interference fringes caused by parallel surfaces while maintaining the compact mirror configuration architecture suitable for NED devices.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #4Asymmetry

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the geometric parameter of waveguide arrangement from parallel to non-parallel (angled) configuration. This parameter change modifies the optical path relationships to eliminate interference fringes while maintaining device compactness. The coupling elements are also tuned to specific parameters to compensate for airgap wedges and achieve proper light path alignment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Ease of manufacture

If traditional parallel waveguides are used in mirror configuration, then alignment is simpler, but interference fringes are generated that degrade image quality

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvealignment simplicityVSAvoidimage quality
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent deliberately introduces asymmetry by using non-parallel waveguides at specific angles. This asymmetric configuration eliminates the interference fringes that occur with parallel waveguides, trading the simplicity of parallel alignment for superior image quality without significantly complicating the manufacturing process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #4Asymmetry

3Manufacturing precision

If waveguides are tuned to compensate for airgap wedges, then light paths are properly aligned and interference fringes are reduced, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelight path alignmentVSAvoidwaveguide assembly complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent adjusts the parameters of coupling elements (such as grating periods, orientations, and positions) to compensate for airgap wedges between non-parallel waveguides. These parameter adjustments enable proper light path alignment and fringe reduction. The complexity is managed by integrating these tuned coupling elements directly into the waveguide structure, making the tuning part of the manufacturing process rather than a separate adjustment step.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach improves image quality by mitigating image degradation caused by misalignment and interference fringes, resulting in higher quality images being transmitted to the user's eyes while maintaining the architectural advantages of mirror configurations.

Implementation Method 1

diffractive optical elements, where input and output couplers are adjusted to align light paths

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffraction: Diffraction

Implementation Method 2

an optical waveguide made of a substrate can spatially translate propagating light waves representing imagery generated by a light engine and convey them along an optical path

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTotal internal reflection: Total Internal Reflection

Data Source

PatentEP4038436B1Tuned waveguides
Publication Date: 2024.05.29 MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING LLC
  • EP4038436B1 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP4038436B1 patent drawingFigure 1B
  • EP4038436B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2B

AI summary

The description relate to devices, such as augmented reality and/or virtual reality devices that employ optical waveguides. On example includes a first optical waveguide configured to receive light at an incidence angle and a second optical waveguide positioned in a non-parallel relation to the first optical waveguide. The second optical waveguide can be configured to receive the light through the first optical waveguide at a first location at the incidence angle, transmit the light within the second optical waveguide, and output the light from a second location back toward the first optical waveguide at the incidence angle.