Noninvasive Glycated Hemoglobin Testing via Dual Optical Spectroscopy
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for testing glycated hemoglobin are invasive, painful, and burdensome, requiring frequent blood sampling which can be harmful and psychologically challenging for diabetes patients.
Innovation Solution
A noninvasive apparatus and method using a combination of first and second light measurement devices, such as absorption spectrophotometers and Raman spectrophotometers, to radiate and detect light, extract data related to hemoglobin and glucose, and determine glycated hemoglobin concentration without blood sampling, utilizing visible or near-infrared light and laser light, with a data processor to calculate ratios and correlations for accurate output.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If blood sampling is used to test glycated hemoglobin, then measurement precision is improved, but object-affected harmful factors worsen due to pain and psychological burden
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical blood sampling process with optical measurement systems (spectrophotometers and Raman spectrophotometers) that use light to detect glycated hemoglobin levels through the skin, eliminating the need for needles and blood draws while maintaining measurement capability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces light as an intermediary medium to transfer information about glycated hemoglobin from the blood to external detectors without direct contact with blood, using the skin and underlying tissues as transmission paths for optical signals
2Productivity
If frequent blood sampling is performed to monitor diabetes, then productivity of health monitoring is improved, but object-affected harmful factors worsen due to potential harm from repeated blood draws
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the invasive mechanical blood sampling system with a non-invasive optical detection system, enabling frequent monitoring without the cumulative harm associated with repeated needle punctures and blood draws
Solution Approach 2:
The patent enables patients to perform self-monitoring of glycated hemoglobin levels using portable optical devices, allowing them to conduct frequent tests independently without requiring healthcare professional intervention for each measurement
3Measurement precision
If multiple light measurement devices are used to detect hemoglobin and glucose, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple light measurement devices (spectrophotometer and Raman spectrophotometer) into an integrated system that simultaneously or sequentially measures different optical properties of blood components, allowing hemoglobin and glucose detection through coordinated use of multiple measurement modalities
Solution Approach 2:
The patent designs the optical measurement system to perform multiple functions using the same basic infrastructure, where the light sources, detectors, and processing systems can measure different parameters (hemoglobin concentration, glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin) through various optical techniques
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables noninvasive, frequent, and convenient testing of glycated hemoglobin levels, reducing the psychological and physical burden on patients, allowing for better health management and monitoring without the need for blood sampling.
Implementation Method 1
a first light measurement device configured to radiate a first light to an object and detect first information about the first light reflected from the object... The first light may include visible light or near-infrared light... The first light measurement device may include an absorption spectrophotometer
Implementation Method 2
a second light measurement device configured to radiate a second light to the object and detect second information about the second light reflected from the object... The second light includes a laser light... The second light measurement device may include a Raman spectrophotometer
Data Source
AI summary
An apparatus for testing glycated hemoglobin includes a first light measurement device configured to radiate a first light to an object and detect first information about the first light reflected from the object, a second light measurement device configured to radiate a second light to the object and detect second information about the second light reflected from the object, a data extractor configured to extract first extracted data related to hemoglobin from the first information and second extracted data related to glucose from the second information, and a data processor configured to determine information related to glycated hemoglobin from the first extracted data and the second extracted data.