Non-Linear Battery Charging Control for Fast Charge Without Capacity Fade
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current battery charging technologies, particularly for lithium-ion batteries, are inefficient in fast charging, leading to prolonged charging times and potential strain on batteries, which is critical for the growing demand in mobile devices and electric vehicles.
Innovation Solution
A Non-Linear Voltammetry (NLV)-based adaptive charging protocol that measures battery voltages, currents, temperatures, and state of charge to dynamically adjust charging parameters, allowing for safe and efficient fast charging by balancing current and voltage based on the battery's state of health and charge, using a relationship between the rate of change in voltage and current.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If constant current constant voltage (CCCV) fast charging is used, then charging speed is improved, but battery strain and safety risks increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements dynamic charging protocol adjustment by continuously monitoring battery parameters (voltage, current, temperature, SOC) and adapting the charging profile in real-time. The system transitions from static CCCV to a dynamic protocol that modifies charging parameters based on battery state, resolving the contradiction between fast charging and safety by making the charging process adaptive rather than fixed
Solution Approach 2:
The system incorporates continuous feedback loops that monitor battery voltage, current, temperature, and state of charge. This feedback enables the charging controller to detect battery stress conditions and adjust charging parameters accordingly, preventing unsafe states while maintaining optimal charging speed. The feedback mechanism allows the system to respond to battery conditions and prevent the harmful effects of excessive strain
2Loss of time
If higher charging current is applied, then charging time is reduced, but capacity fading increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs parameter changes by dynamically adjusting charging current, voltage, and time parameters based on battery state. The system modifies these parameters in real-time based on monitored conditions (temperature, SOC, voltage rate of change), allowing fast charging when conditions permit while reducing current when capacity retention becomes a concern, thus resolving the time versus capacity fading contradiction
Solution Approach 2:
The charging protocol transitions from static high-current charging to a dynamic approach where current magnitude is continuously adjusted based on battery response. The system applies higher currents when the battery can accept them without damage and reduces current when capacity fading risks increase, optimizing both charging speed and battery health
3Productivity
If fast charging protocol is implemented, then productivity is improved, but adaptability to different battery conditions decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a universal charging protocol that can adapt to different battery types, chemistries, and conditions. The system monitors battery parameters and automatically adjusts charging parameters to suit the specific battery being charged, making the fast charging capability applicable across multiple battery types rather than being optimized for a single type, thus resolving the contradiction between speed and adaptability
Data Source
AI summary
A Non-Linear Voltammetry (NLV)-based method for charging batteries. It also relates to a fast charging system implementing this method. Adaptive charging, Non-Linear Voltage changing, and Relaxation are the key cornerstones of this method. Adaptive charging allows the system to balance the charging based on the user's time requirements, required charge capacity and the SOC and SOH of the battery. Non-linearly changing the voltage coupled with a suitable relaxation pattern allows this method to gain the maximum charge capacity without straining the battery.