Non-linear Capacitor with Organic Dielectric for High Energy Storage
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Current energy storage devices, such as capacitors and batteries, face limitations in energy density, response time, and degradation rates, which hinder their performance in applications like electric vehicles, where high power density and long shelf life are required.
Innovation Solution
A non-linear capacitor design featuring a dielectric layer with organic compounds, including copolymers and polymers with electro-polarizable aromatic polycyclic conjugated cores, exhibiting a monotonously increasing polynomial dependence of capacitance on voltage, allowing for high power density and extended cycle life.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If conventional capacitors with 2-D capacitor plates are used, then the device structure is simple, but the energy storage capacity is limited by limited surface area and low permittivity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from conventional 2-D capacitor plates to 3-D porous electrode structures with hierarchical porosity (micro-, meso-, and macropores). This dimensional transformation dramatically increases the effective surface area for charge storage while maintaining a compact overall device form factor, thereby significantly enhancing energy storage capacity without proportionally increasing device complexity
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs porous electrode materials with controlled hierarchical pore structures. The porous architecture provides increased surface area for electrochemical reactions, improved ion transport pathways, and enhanced electrolyte penetration, all of which contribute to higher energy storage capacity while the porous structure itself is integrated into the electrode design rather than adding separate components
2Quantity of substance
If batteries with electrochemical reactions are used, then the energy storage density can be improved, but the response time becomes slow due to slow ion motion
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates localized regions with different pore sizes and functional characteristics within the electrode structure. Micro pores provide high surface area for charge storage, meso pores facilitate rapid ion transport, and macro pores enable bulk electrolyte flow. This spatial differentiation of pore functions allows simultaneous optimization of energy storage density and response time by matching local structural characteristics to specific functional requirements
Solution Approach 2:
The electrode structure is segmented into hierarchical pore levels (micro-, meso-, macro-) that operate at different scales and serve different functions. This segmentation allows ion transport to occur through multiple parallel pathways with different characteristic timescales, enabling the system to achieve both high energy storage in micro pores and fast response through meso and macro pore pathways
3Speed
If conventional capacitors are used, then the response time is fast, but the degradation rate is high and cycle life is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs composite electrode materials combining conductive frameworks (such as carbon-based materials) with active energy storage phases. The conductive framework provides mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and structural stability, while the active phases provide high capacitance. This composite structure maintains the fast response characteristics of conventional capacitors while significantly improving cycle life through enhanced mechanical and chemical stability
Solution Approach 2:
The hierarchical porous structure and composite material design provide built-in mechanical cushioning and stress distribution mechanisms that prevent crack propagation and structural degradation during repeated charge-discharge cycles. The porous architecture accommodates volume changes of active materials, while the conductive framework maintains structural integrity, thereby cushioning against degradation mechanisms before they can compromise device reliability
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The non-linear capacitor achieves high energy storage capacity with low degradation and long cycle life, enabling efficient energy storage and release, particularly suitable for electric vehicles and other high-power applications.
Implementation Method 1
The dielectric layer comprises at least one organic compound selected from copolymer, homo-polymer, Sharp polymers, NLSD compounds and combination thereof which have at least one electro-polarizable aromatic polycyclic conjugated core
Implementation Method 2
Hyper-electronic polarization of organic compounds may be viewed as the electrical polarization external fields due to the pliant interaction with the charge pairs of excitons
Implementation Method 3
A relationship between a capacity C of the capacitor and a voltage V between the electrodes is characterized by the monotonously increasing polynomial dependence C0+Σi=1m CiVi
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure provides a non-linear capacitor comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, and a dielectric layer disposed between said first and second electrodes. The dielectric layer comprises at least one organic compound selected from copolymer, homo-polymer, Sharp polymers, NLSD compounds and combination thereof which have at least one electro-polarizable aromatic polycyclic conjugated core. A relationship between a capacity C of the capacitor and a voltage V between the electrodes is characterized by the monotonously increasing polynomial dependence C0+Σi=1m CiVi, when the voltage V satisfies by following inequality 0<V≤Vmax, where the voltage Vmax is a maximum working voltage that does not exceed a breakdown voltage Vbd and which is selected out of safety reasons, where at least one coefficient Ci is not equal to 0 when the index i ranges from 2 to m, and m=2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.