Non-Reciprocal Phase Transport for Directional Wave Interference

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing non-reciprocal devices fail to effectively maintain phase conservation for waves traveling in one direction while inducing random phases for waves traveling in the opposite direction, leading to asymmetry in wave transmission, which is crucial for advanced applications like quantum interferometry but not adequately addressed by current technologies.

Innovation Solution

A quantum device with a non-reciprocal transmission structure comprising hybrid couplers and phase shifters, where waves traversing in one direction have conserved phases, while those traversing in the opposite direction experience phase replacement by black-body radiators, ensuring stronger phase conservation in the forward direction.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If non-reciprocal devices are used to let waves pass differently in one direction than the other, then directional transmission asymmetry is achieved, but phase conservation is not effectively maintained in the forward direction while random phases are induced in the backward direction

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedirectional transmission asymmetryVSAvoidphase conservation
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies asymmetry by configuring the quantum device with specific directional orientation such that the non-reciprocal transmission structure exhibits different phase behavior for forward and backward wave propagation. The asymmetric arrangement of hybrid couplers and phase shifters creates inherent directional dependence in the phase conservation mechanism.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #4Asymmetry

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the phase parameter differently for forward and backward waves through the non-reciprocal transmission structure. For forward waves, the phase is conserved (phase shift = 0), while for backward waves, the phase is randomized (phase shift = random). This parameter change is achieved through the quantum device's directional response characteristics.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Measurement precision

If phase conservation is enhanced for forward waves, then interference patterns are improved, but the device complexity increases due to quantum components

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinterference pattern qualityVSAvoidquantum device structure
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The quantum device serves multiple functions within a single component: it acts as a phase conserving element for forward waves, a phase randomizing element for backward waves, and maintains directional non-reciprocity. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate components and simplifies the overall system architecture despite the quantum nature of the device.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The non-reciprocal transmission structure employs composite quantum components including hybrid couplers and phase shifters integrated within the quantum device. This composite structure combines different functional elements to achieve both phase conservation and non-reciprocity in a unified device architecture.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

3Loss of information

If black body radiators are used to randomize phases of backward waves, then phase randomization is achieved, but energy balance is affected

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvephase information randomizationVSAvoidenergy balance
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of informationVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent converts the potentially harmful effect of energy loss in black body radiators into a beneficial phase randomization mechanism. The thermal radiation from black body radiators, which would normally represent energy waste, is utilized to induce random phases in backward waves, transforming an energy loss into a functional advantage for achieving non-reciprocal phase behavior.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution enables enhanced phase conservation in forward wave transmission and randomization in backward waves, facilitating improved interference patterns and energy balance, potentially violating the second law of thermodynamics for practical applications.

Implementation Method 1

for first waves traversing the transmission structure in a forward direction the phases of the first waves are at least partially conserved

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhase conservation:

Implementation Method 2

for second waves traversing the transmission structure in a backward direction, the phases of the second waves are at least partially replaced by random ones

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBlack-body radiation: Thermal Radiation

Implementation Method 3

the walls in the first half are reflective and the walls in the second half are black and the walls are in thermal equilibrium with an external bath

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal equilibrium:

Implementation Method 4

Based on interference of the particles' wave functions, these devices let particles pass preferentially in one direction

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectWave interference: Interference

Data Source

PatentEP4243197B1A non-reciprocal device comprising asymmetric phase transport of waves
Publication Date: 2024.12.11 MAX PLANCK GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER WISSENSCHAFTEN EV
  • EP4243197B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1B
  • EP4243197B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2C
  • EP4243197B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3B

AI summary

The quantum device (10; 15) comprises a non-reciprocal tranmission structure (5, 6, 7; 13, 14), wherein the transmission structure is designed such that for first waves traversing the transmission structure in a forward direction the phases of the first waves are at least partially conserved, and for second waves traversing the transmission structure in a backward direction, the phases of the second waves are at least partially replaced by random ones, such that the phase conservation is more pronounced in the forward direction than in the backward direction.