Turbomachine Nozzle Coolant Delivery System
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Solution Overview
Problem
Gas turbine engines face a challenge in balancing efficiency and NOx emission levels, particularly when using fuels like hydrogen and syngas, which result in high flame speeds leading to flame holding and reduced operational efficiency and component lifespan.
Innovation Solution
The design of a turbomachine injection nozzle with a coolant delivery system that guides a coolant along the exterior wall and around fluid delivery tubes to reduce temperature and prevent flame holding, incorporating multiple fluid delivery tubes for efficient fuel-air mixing and a coolant system to enhance flame quenching and prevent thermal cracking.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If higher combustion gas stream temperatures are used to increase engine efficiency, then engine efficiency is improved, but nitrogen oxide emissions increase
Solution Approach 1:
The coolant delivery system performs preliminary cooling action on the injection nozzle exterior wall before the combustion process occurs. By pre-cooling the nozzle surface, the system enables higher combustion temperatures to be used for improved efficiency while the cooled nozzle surface prevents excessive heat transfer to the surrounding environment that would generate NOx emissions.
Solution Approach 2:
The cooling system applies localized cooling specifically to the exterior wall of the injection nozzle where flame holding occurs. This local quality change allows the combustion chamber to operate at high temperatures for efficiency while the locally cooled nozzle surface prevents harmful effects.
2Productivity
If fuels with high flame speed such as hydrogen and syngas are used to improve combustion efficiency, then combustion efficiency is improved, but flame holding occurs that reduces operational efficiency and component lifespan
Solution Approach 1:
The coolant delivery system performs preliminary cooling of the injection nozzle exterior wall before the high flame speed combustion occurs. This pre-cooling action creates a temperature barrier that prevents flame holding on the nozzle surface, allowing high efficiency combustion with hydrogen and syngas while protecting component lifespan.
Solution Approach 2:
The system applies preliminary anti-action by cooling the nozzle exterior wall in advance to counteract the flame holding tendency of high flame speed fuels. This preemptive cooling prevents the harmful thermal effects before they can occur during combustion.
3Use of energy by moving object
If higher combustion temperatures are used to improve efficiency, then efficiency is improved, but thermal cracking of the injection nozzle occurs reducing component lifespan
Solution Approach 1:
The coolant delivery system performs preliminary cooling of the injection nozzle exterior wall and internal passages before high temperature combustion occurs. This pre-cooling establishes a thermal barrier that protects the nozzle material from thermal cracking during high efficiency combustion operations.
Solution Approach 2:
The cooling system creates local quality changes by maintaining lower temperatures in the nozzle wall and internal passages while allowing high combustion temperatures in the chamber. This localized temperature differentiation enables high efficiency operation while preventing thermal cracking in critical components.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution effectively reduces NOx emissions and minimizes flame holding, allowing for lower velocity air streams and improved operational efficiency while maintaining component integrity.
Implementation Method 1
The coolant delivery system guides a coolant along at least one of a portion of the exterior wall to cool the outer surface and around the plurality of fluid delivery tubes
Data Source
AI summary
An injection nozzle for a turbomachine includes a main body having a first end portion that extends to a second end portion defining an exterior wall having an outer surface. A plurality of fluid delivery tubes extend through the main body. Each of the plurality of fluid delivery tubes includes a first fluid inlet for receiving a first fluid, a second fluid inlet for receiving a second fluid and an outlet. The injection nozzle further includes a coolant delivery system arranged within the main body. The coolant delivery system guides a coolant along at least one of a portion of the exterior wall and around the plurality of fluid delivery tubes.