Fuel Injection Nozzle Tip Protrusion for Soot Reduction
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Solution Overview
Problem
Fuel injection valves in combustion engines face challenges in reducing pollutant emissions, particularly soot formation, due to high-pressure fuel injection requirements and material demands, which also pose risks of deposit formation and wetting leading to emission degradation.
Innovation Solution
A nozzle assembly for fuel injection valves featuring a protrusion with a cylindrical first section and a conically tapered second section, optimized for high mechanical resistance and reduced wetting risk, with a conical angle between 130° to 150° and a round end, positioned to expose nozzle apertures to high temperatures for evaporation and minimize surface contact.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-generated harmful factors
If high pressure fuel injection is used to improve fuel mixture preparation and reduce soot, then pollutant emissions are reduced, but the fuel injection valve experiences high forces and requires high material demands
Solution Approach 1:
The nozzle tip body is divided into multiple sections: a first section with cylindrical outer surface, a second section with conical outer surface, and a third section with round end. This segmentation allows each section to be optimized for specific functions - the conical section for mechanical strength under high pressure, the cylindrical section for structural support, and the round end for minimizing wetting and soot formation.
Solution Approach 2:
Different sections of the nozzle tip body have different geometric properties tailored to local requirements. The conical section (130°-150° angle) provides high mechanical resistance where pressure forces are greatest, while the rounded end section minimizes surface area for fuel wetting and soot deposition in the high-temperature combustion chamber environment.
2Use of energy by moving object
If the nozzle tip body is exposed to high temperatures in the combustion chamber, then fuel evaporation is improved, but deposit formation and wetting increase leading to emission degradation
Solution Approach 1:
The nozzle tip body features a rounded end section with a round end that has a specific radius (0.5mm to 1.5mm). This curved geometry minimizes the surface area in contact with combustion chamber walls and reduces fuel wetting, preventing deposit formation while still allowing adequate fuel evaporation in the high-temperature zone.
Solution Approach 2:
The geometric parameters of the nozzle tip body are specifically optimized - the conical angle (130°-150°), the radius of the round end (0.5mm-1.5mm), and the lengths of different sections are carefully selected to balance fuel evaporation efficiency with minimization of wetting and deposit formation in the high-temperature environment.
3Manufacturing precision
If complex aperture shapes are used to optimize spray performance, then fuel injection precision is improved, but manufacturing complexity and risk of deposit formation increase
Solution Approach 1:
The aperture configuration uses uniform, simple geometric shapes (circular or slot apertures) with consistent dimensions and orientations. This homogeneous design achieves reliable spray performance through precise control of aperture diameter, length, and angle, while avoiding the manufacturing complexity and deposit accumulation risks associated with complex variable geometry apertures.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The design significantly reduces the risk of soot formation and pollutant emissions by minimizing deposit formation and wetting, maintaining mechanical resistance, and optimizing spray performance while avoiding the need for complex aperture shapes, thus enhancing engine efficiency and compliance with emission norms.
Implementation Method 1
positioned to expose nozzle apertures to high temperatures for evaporation
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure generally relates to nozzles for a valve and, more specifically, to a fuel injection valve for a combustion engine. In some embodiments, a nozzle assembly for a fuel injection valve for a combustion engine may include: a valve body with a central longitudinal axis; a valve cavity within the valve body; a nozzle tip body comprising a protrusion limiting a free volume of the valve cavity; and at least one nozzle aperture out from the valve cavity through the protrusion. The protrusion may extend from an end surface of the nozzle tip body in an extending direction parallel to a longitudinal axis of the nozzle tip body away from the valve cavity and comprise a first section adjacent to the end surface, the first section having a cylindrical outer surface, and a second section adjacent to the first section, the second section having an outer surface of decreasing diameter in the course away from the end surface along the extending direction.