Nuclear Detector Removable Electrical Connections
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current detectors irradiated with nuclear particles, especially those using semiconductor sensors, face challenges in withstanding high temperatures and corrosive environments due to the limitations of welded electrical contacts, which degrade at elevated temperatures and are prone to corrosion.
Innovation Solution
A detector design featuring a semi-conductor sensor with removable electrical connections using an electrically conductive attachment means, housed in a metal enclosure that acts as a Faraday cage, allowing for secure signal transmission and protection from harsh environments, with the ability to withstand temperatures above 500°C and high humidity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If welded electrical contacts are used in the sensor, then electrical connection is achieved, but the contacts cannot withstand high temperatures above 200°C and are prone to corrosion
Solution Approach 1:
The electrical connection system is segmented into separate components: a first electrical connection element connected to the anode, a second electrical connection element connected to the cathode, and a moveable component that bridges them. This segmentation allows each component to be optimized for high-temperature performance independently, with the moveable component acting as a removable bridge that can be replaced if degraded, while the fixed connection elements remain stable at high temperatures.
Solution Approach 2:
The moveable component introduces dynamic functionality to the electrical connection system. It can be moved between positions to establish or break electrical contact between the first and second connection elements. This dynamic capability allows the system to maintain reliable electrical connection during operation while enabling easy replacement or maintenance of connection elements without damaging the sensor structure, thus improving reliability in high-temperature environments.
2Duration of action of stationary object
If welded electrical contacts are used, then electrical connection is established, but the contacts degrade over time in high temperature and humid environments
Solution Approach 1:
The electrical connection path is divided into replaceable segments. The moveable component can be independently removed and replaced, isolating it from long-term exposure to harmful environmental factors. The fixed first and second connection elements are designed to be more resistant to corrosion and can remain in place for extended periods, thereby extending the overall service life of the electrical connection system in harsh environments.
Solution Approach 2:
The moveable component is designed as a consumable or replaceable element that can be discarded after a certain period of use or when degradation occurs. This allows the more valuable and durable first and second connection elements to be recovered and reused, extending their service life. The system enables selective replacement of only the worn moveable component rather than the entire electrical connection assembly.
3Reliability
If a metal housing is used to protect the sensor, then Faraday cage protection and leak-tight sealing are achieved, but the housing must withstand very high temperatures above 500°C
Solution Approach 1:
The housing is constructed from composite materials that combine the advantages of different materials. The main housing structure uses materials with high melting points and good mechanical strength at elevated temperatures, while specific components such as seals and connection elements use materials selected for their resistance to corrosion and thermal stability. This composite approach allows the housing to maintain protective functions at temperatures above 500°C that would degrade conventional single-material constructions.
Data Source
AI summary
A radiation detector to be irradiated with nuclear particles, includes an electrical connection system including an anode and a cathode; a metal housing, inside of which at least one portion of the electrical connection system is positioned; a semi-conductor sensor including a first electrical circuit, the sensor being encapsulated in the housing; and an attachment system for attaching the sensor to the housing, the attachment system including an electrically conductive material, at least one portion of the attachment system being connected to the anode of the electrical connection system and being removably linked to the sensor, at least one second portion of the attachment system being linked to the cathode of the electrical connection system and being removably linked to the sensor.