Nucleic Acid Detection Chip Using Magnetic and Optical Integration
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current nucleic acid testing for COVID-19 is time-consuming, requires expensive equipment, and involves the risk of cross-contamination, necessitating a method to shorten test time and reduce manpower while maintaining accuracy.
Innovation Solution
A nucleic acid detection chip and method utilizing magnetic nanoparticles and light conversion materials, where the chip's unique design allows for automated RNA extraction and detection using a photoelectric conversion element, eliminating the need for high-end instruments and trained technicians, and incorporating a drainage system to prevent user contact with RNA samples.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional nucleic acid testing is used, then testing accuracy is improved, but test time and equipment cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The detection system is divided into modular functional components: magnetic nanoparticles for RNA binding, light conversion materials for signal generation, and photoelectric conversion elements for detection. This segmentation allows each component to be optimized independently and enables parallel processing of multiple samples simultaneously, reducing overall test time while maintaining accuracy.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces complex mechanical laboratory equipment with a simplified chip-based system that integrates magnetic field generation, optical detection, and photoelectric conversion. This substitution eliminates the need for expensive centrifuges, incubators, and multiple manual steps, dramatically reducing test time while preserving detection accuracy through optimized material properties.
2Measurement precision
If conventional nucleic acid testing is used, then testing accuracy is improved, but equipment cost and operational complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
Multiple functional elements are merged into a single integrated detection chip: magnetic nanoparticles, light conversion materials, photoelectric conversion elements, and fluid channels are combined in one device. This merging eliminates the need for separate laboratory equipment, reduces operational complexity, and lowers overall system cost while maintaining high testing accuracy through optimized material integration.
Solution Approach 2:
The detection chip is designed to perform automated detection through inherent material properties and simple optical-magnetic field interactions. The system self-regulates through integrated fluid channels and automatic sample processing, eliminating the need for highly trained technicians and complex operational procedures, thereby reducing equipment cost and operational complexity.
3Measurement precision
If conventional nucleic acid testing is used, then testing accuracy is improved, but risk of cross-contamination increases
Solution Approach 1:
The detection chip employs thin-film structures and enclosed fluid channels that physically isolate samples throughout the detection process. The microfluidic channels and sealed compartments prevent sample leakage and cross-contamination between tests, while maintaining accurate detection through optimized optical-magnetic field interactions. This flexible containment system eliminates the need for complex biosafety infrastructure.
4Ease of operation
If automated detection is implemented, then labor cost is reduced, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The detection chip performs automated detection through inherent material properties and simple optical-magnetic field interactions. The system self-regulates through integrated fluid channels and automatic sample processing, eliminating the need for highly trained technicians and complex operational procedures, thereby reducing labor cost without significantly increasing device complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
Manual laboratory procedures are replaced with automated optical-magnetic field interactions and photoelectric detection. The system uses magnetic fields for sample concentration, optical fields for excitation, and photoelectric conversion for signal detection, eliminating mechanical manual operations while reducing overall system complexity through integrated material-based automation.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach significantly reduces test time, labor costs, and the risk of cross-contamination, while maintaining high accuracy and allowing for flexible testing locations without the need for specialized personnel or equipment.
Implementation Method 1
Magnetic nanoparticles are used to adsorb to RNA to shorten test time
Implementation Method 2
light conversion materials are mixed with the RNA being tested, a light source excites the light conversion materials and produces a light with a specific wavelength
Implementation Method 3
the photoelectric conversion element receives the light and produces a current, and the current is used to determine the concentration of RNA in the sample
Implementation Method 4
a heating element that extracts nucleic acid from the RNA being tested
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to a nucleic acid detection chip, the method and detection equipment using the same. The test sample injects into the first injection hole on the slip plate into the groove on the substrate through the first guide hole. The test sample is heated to the first temperature and then cooled down. Displacing the top plate to align the second injection hole and the hole of the substrate. Injecting the light conversion material into the hole of the substrate to generate a detection sample. Displacing the plate again to move the detection sample to the substrate's top of the detection hole. Exposing the detection sample with the first light to generate the second light by the light conversion material in the detection sample. By absorbing the second light to generate a current that is closely dependent on the concentration of light conversion material in the detection sample.