Labeled Nucleic Acid Solid Support for High Sensitivity Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for detecting target materials, such as DNA, RNA, or proteins, face limitations in sensitivity and efficiency, particularly in chemiluminescent detection methods which rely on radioactive substances or require complex signal amplification processes.
Innovation Solution
A solid support comprising labeled nucleic acid molecules with a linking moiety that emits a detectable signal, such as digoxygenin, biotin, or fluorescent materials, is used to enhance detection sensitivity. The labeled nucleic acid molecules are immobilized on nanoparticles or microparticles, allowing for specific binding to target materials and subsequent signal generation through enzyme reactions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If traditional chemiluminescent detection methods are used, then detection can be performed safely without radioactive substances, but detection sensitivity is insufficient for low concentration targets
Solution Approach 1:
The detection system is segmented into distinct functional components: solid support particles providing surface area, capture probes for specific target binding, and labeled probes for signal generation. This segmentation allows each component to be optimized independently, achieving high sensitivity without requiring complex integrated signal amplification systems.
Solution Approach 2:
Labeled nucleic acid molecules serve as intermediaries that bridge the target material and the detection system. These labeled probes bind to captured targets and provide chemiluminescent signals, eliminating the need for complex enzymatic amplification while maintaining high detection sensitivity through direct signal generation from the probe itself.
2Reliability
If radioactive substances are used for detection, then detection sensitivity can be achieved, but safety concerns arise
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs stable, non-radioactive chemiluminescent labels that are safe and disposable. These labeled probes generate detectable signals through chemiluminescent reactions without the long-term safety concerns of radioactive isotopes, achieving comparable sensitivity through chemical rather than nuclear processes.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent substitutes radioactive detection mechanisms with chemiluminescent chemical reactions. Instead of relying on radioactive decay and radiation detection, the system uses enzyme-catalyzed or direct chemiluminescent reactions that produce light signals, eliminating radiation hazards while maintaining detection capability.
3Reliability
If signal amplification processes are implemented, then detection sensitivity improves, but the detection process becomes more complex and time-consuming
Solution Approach 1:
The labeled nucleic acid probes are pre-synthesized with chemiluminescent labels attached during probe preparation. This preliminary labeling eliminates the need for time-consuming signal amplification steps during the actual detection process, as the probes are ready to generate signals immediately upon binding to captured targets.
Solution Approach 2:
The detection system is designed to be self-sufficient through the use of labeled probes that inherently carry their own signal generation capability. The probes autonomously produce chemiluminescent signals upon binding to targets without requiring external amplification systems or additional reagent additions, reducing both process complexity and time.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach significantly enhances the sensitivity of target material detection, enabling the detection of low concentrations of substances like prostate-specific antigen (PSA) with high accuracy and efficiency, surpassing traditional methods by amplifying enzyme activity and signal generation.
Implementation Method 1
A chemiluminescent detection method of detecting a target material such as DNA, RNA, or a protein by employing a chemiluminescent compound as a signal generating compound or 'label'
Implementation Method 2
employing an enzyme that catalyzes a chemiluminescent reaction of a chemiluminescent compound that is coupled to the target material
Implementation Method 3
The labeled nucleic acid molecules are immobilized on nanoparticles or microparticles, allowing for specific binding to target materials
Data Source
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AI summary
A solid support on which a labeled nucleic acid including a high density of signal materials, a kit containing the same, and a method of detecting a target material are provided.