NUMA Coherent Interconnects: Dynamic PoC/PoS Migration for Lower Latency

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Solution Overview

Problem

In non-uniform memory access (NUMA) systems, constant checks for coherency and serialization between clusters lead to undue traffic and latency, particularly when one cluster is designated as the point-of-coherency (PoC) and point-of-serialization (PoS) but is not actively using the data, while other clusters repeatedly access and update it.

Innovation Solution

A tracker, or snoop filter, dynamically moves the PoC and PoS designations between NUMA clusters based on the state of shared data, using a controller to monitor and manage ownership status, thereby reducing the need for inter-cluster communications.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a static PoC and PoS are assigned to one NUMA cluster for shared data, then coherency and serialization are maintained, but interconnect traffic increases and latency increases when another cluster actively accesses the data

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata coherencyVSAvoidaccess latency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements dynamic migration of PoC and PoS designations between NUMA clusters based on actual data access patterns. The system monitors which cluster is actively using shared data and relocates the PoC/PoS responsibility to that cluster, transforming the static ownership model into a dynamic one that adapts to changing workload conditions, thereby reducing interconnect traffic and latency

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Loss of energy

If copies of shared data are stored in multiple NUMA clusters, then interconnect traffic is reduced, but coherency checks and serialization requests increase latency

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinterconnect trafficVSAvoidcoherency check latency
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent enables the actively accessing NUMA cluster to serve as its own PoC, performing self-service coherency checks without needing to communicate with other clusters. This eliminates unnecessary interconnect traffic for coherency verification while maintaining data consistency, as the cluster that owns the data locally can verify its own coherency status independently

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Data Source

PatentEP4361825B1Dynamic migration of point-of-coherency and point-of-serialization in NUMA coherent interconnects
Publication Date: 2025.07.02 GOOGLE LLC
  • EP4361825B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4361825B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4361825B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A system for dynamically controlling point-of-coherency or a point-of-serialization of shared data includes a plurality of processing engines grouped into a plurality of separate clusters and a shared communications path communicatively connecting each of the plurality of clusters to one another. Each respective cluster includes memory shared by the processing engines of the respective cluster, each unit of data in the memory being assigned to a single owner cluster responsible for maintaining an authoritative copy and a single manager cluster permanently responsible for assigning the owner cluster responsibility. Each respective cluster also includes a controller configured to receive data requests, track each of a manager status and an ownership status of the respective cluster, and control ownership status changes with respect to respective units of data based at least in part on the tracked ownership and manager statuses of the respective cluster.