Vehicle OBU Traffic Control Preemption via V2X
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication systems lack the ability for vehicles to effectively preempt traffic controls at intersections, leading to inefficiencies and potential safety issues during maneuvers.
Innovation Solution
A vehicle equipped with a transceiver and on-board unit (OBU) that receives intersection geometry and traffic control status data, identifies an outbound direction, and sends messages to preempt traffic controls, allowing the vehicle to safely navigate the intersection and subsequently discontinue the preemption once the maneuver is complete.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If vehicles use standard V2X communication protocols, then communication with infrastructure is enabled, but the ability to preempt traffic controls is lacking
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary actions by sending a preemption request message to the traffic control system before the vehicle reaches the intersection. This advance notification allows the traffic control to prepare and switch signal phases in time, ensuring safe preemption without last-minute rushes that could compromise reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
The system implements feedback mechanisms where the traffic control system responds to preemption requests with acknowledgment messages. The vehicle monitors these responses and can send follow-up messages if preemption is not granted, creating a closed-loop communication that enhances both adaptability and reliability through continuous verification.
2Productivity
If traffic control timing is dynamically adjusted for vehicle preemption, then traffic flow efficiency improves, but collision risk may increase if not properly managed
Solution Approach 1:
The system sends preemption request messages in advance, allowing the traffic control system to calculate safe timing adjustments before the vehicle arrives. This preliminary timing calculation ensures that signal phase changes are coordinated with vehicle arrival, improving throughput while maintaining safety margins.
Solution Approach 2:
The traffic control system provides feedback on the granted preemption timing to the vehicle. The vehicle uses this feedback to adjust its speed and arrival time, creating a coordinated system that optimizes traffic flow while preventing collisions through continuous communication and verification.
3Speed
If preemption messages are sent continuously, then traffic control responsiveness improves, but communication bandwidth is consumed
Solution Approach 1:
The system uses periodic action by sending preemption request messages at specific intervals or triggered by specific events (e.g., approaching the intersection, detecting signal phase changes). This selective messaging maintains traffic control responsiveness while avoiding continuous bandwidth consumption, as messages are sent only when preemption is relevant or needed.
Data Source
AI summary
An on-board unit (OBU) of a vehicle receives one or more data messages indicative of intersection geometry for an upcoming intersection along a roadway being traversed by the vehicle and traffic control status of a traffic control of the intersection. An outbound direction for the vehicle through the intersection is identified. A first traffic message is sent to preempt the traffic control to allow the vehicle to perform a maneuver to traverse the intersection in the outbound direction. The maneuver is indicated as complete and a second traffic message is sent to discontinue the preempt of the traffic control.