Multi-Functional Microprobe for Real-Time OCT Imaging and Neural Recording
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current deep brain stimulation (DBS) procedures lack real-time imaging guidance during microelectrode insertion, leading to challenges in accurately targeting small brain structures like the sub-thalamic nuclei, which can result in brain damage and ineffective stimulation due to the lack of intraoperative imaging devices and precise navigation tools.
Innovation Solution
A microprobe combining a flexible optical fiber for optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging with a metal-coated insulation layer for electro-physiological recording, allowing for simultaneous high-resolution imaging and microelectrode recording, enabling real-time image data collection and precise target identification within the brain tissue.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-affected harmful factors
If a small microelectrode is used to prevent bleeding and damage to the brain, then the risk of brain damage is reduced, but the ability to provide real-time imaging and accurate navigation is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple functions into a single microprobe: optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging capability, electro-physiological recording, and microelectrode stimulation functions are integrated into one device. This allows real-time imaging guidance while maintaining the small size needed to minimize brain damage risk during deep brain stimulation procedures
Solution Approach 2:
The microprobe is designed as a multi-functional device that can perform OCT imaging, electrical recording, and stimulation through a single insertion point. This universal design eliminates the need for multiple separate instruments, providing comprehensive navigation and monitoring capabilities while minimizing the number of brain penetrations required
2Measurement precision
If multiple reinsertions of the MER lead are performed to locate the target, then the accuracy of target localization may improve, but the risk of excessive bleeding and brain damage increases
Solution Approach 1:
The OCT imaging capability provides real-time feedback during the lead insertion process, allowing the surgeon to visualize the path and surrounding structures. This feedback mechanism enables accurate target localization on the first attempt by showing the actual position relative to the target, eliminating the need for multiple blind reinsertions that would increase bleeding risk
Solution Approach 2:
The microprobe performs preliminary OCT imaging and electro-physiological recording during the initial insertion to identify the target before final DBS lead placement. This preliminary mapping action allows precise navigation and target confirmation before committing to the final lead position, reducing the need for subsequent reinsertions
3Object-affected harmful factors
If the size of the probe is made extremely small to prevent bleeding, then the safety is improved, but the capability for simultaneous imaging and recording is compromised
Solution Approach 1:
The microprobe employs a nested structure where the optical fiber for OCT imaging is positioned centrally, surrounded by the metal layer for electrical recording and stimulation. This nested arrangement allows multiple functional layers to be contained within a very small overall diameter, maintaining the small size needed for safety while providing comprehensive multi-functional capability
Solution Approach 2:
The probe utilizes composite material construction with a flexible optical fiber core, metal coating for electrical conductivity, and insulation layer for electrical isolation. This composite structure enables the integration of optical imaging and electrical recording functions in a single small-diameter device, achieving both safety and versatility
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The probe provides dynamic intraoperative imaging and registration, reducing the risk of brain damage by offering real-time visualization and guiding the accurate placement of microelectrodes, enhancing the effectiveness of DBS procedures and minimizing bleeding risks.
Implementation Method 1
a flexible optical fiber for optical coherence tomography imaging
Implementation Method 2
a metal layer coating the optical fiber length for recording electrical signals
Data Source
AI summary
A device and method for guided insertion of microelectrodes into tissue, the device involving a flexible optical fiber for optical coherence tomography imaging, a metal layer coating the optical fiber for recording electrical signals and an outer insulation layer coating the metal layer along the optical fiber length, and the method involving inserting an optical fiber coated with a metal layer and further coated with an insulation layer into a tissue, collecting intraoperative image data through the optical fiber by optical coherence tomography, receiving the image data on a computer and displaying the image on a monitor, using the image data to determine a location in the tissue, receiving an electrical nerve signal through the metal layer, and measuring the electrical nerve signal on an electro-physiological recording system.