OFDM Subcarrier Encoding via Amplitude Differentiation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing OFDM signals face challenges in increasing information transmission rate without increasing the number of subcarriers, and decoding becomes difficult due to noise interference, especially in identifying unused frequencies.

Innovation Solution

A method that codes data using a combination of subcarriers with different modulation schemes and physical characteristics, such as amplitude, to distinguish between used and unused subcarriers, allowing for easier decoding even in noisy channels.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If the number of subcarriers is increased to transport more information, then the information transmission rate is improved, but the device complexity and channel limitations worsen

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinformation transmission rateVSAvoidnumber of subcarriers
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by modifying the modulation order (B bits per subcarrier) and introducing amplitude differentiation among subcarriers. Instead of increasing the number of subcarriers, the system increases the information capacity per subcarrier through higher-order modulation schemes and amplitude-based encoding, thereby improving transmission rate without increasing device complexity or subcarrier count

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces a new dimension for information encoding by utilizing amplitude variations of subcarriers in addition to phase modulation. This amplitude dimension allows additional bits to be transmitted per subcarrier without requiring more subcarriers, effectively increasing information capacity within the same frequency resources

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Productivity

If frequency holes are used to encode additional information, then the information transmission rate is improved, but the decoding reliability worsens in noisy channels

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinformation transmission rateVSAvoiddecoding reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by assigning different amplitudes to different subcarriers based on their usage status. Used subcarriers have one amplitude characteristic while unused subcarriers have a different amplitude characteristic, creating locally distinguishable properties that enable reliable detection even in noisy conditions. This local differentiation makes it easier for the receiver to identify which subcarriers carry data versus which are intentionally left unused for encoding purposes

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses amplitude as a distinguishing characteristic (analogous to color changes) to mark subcarriers as either used or unused. By assigning distinct amplitude levels to different subcarrier states, the system creates easily detectable differences that maintain decoding reliability. The receiver can reliably identify the pattern of used versus unused subcarriers by detecting these amplitude differences, even when noise is present in the channel

Inventive Principle:
Principle #32Color changes

Data Source

PatentEP3656073B1Method and apparatus for data encoding and decoding in a OFDM signal
Publication Date: 2021.07.07 SAFRAN ELECTRONICS & DEFENSE (FR)
  • EP3656073B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3656073B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3656073B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The present invention relates in particular to a method for coding data in an OFDM signal, comprising steps of: • selection (102) of a collection of first frequencies in a set of orthogonal frequencies, as a function of the value of a first datum (X), • for each first frequency, generation (104) of a first sub-carrier at the first frequency, modulated in accordance with a first modulation scheme to transport at least one second datum (Y), • selection (108) of a collection of second frequencies distinct from the collection of first frequencies in the predetermined set, as a function of the value of the first datum (X), so that the combination of the first and second selected frequencies codes the first datum (X), • for each second frequency, generation of a second sub-carrier at the second frequency exhibiting, in addition to its frequency, at least one other physical characteristic adapted to distinguish it from each first sub-carrier.