Offset Feed Patch Antenna with Side Coupling for mmWave Gain
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Solution Overview
Problem
High-frequency band RF signals used in mmWave communications are prone to absorption and loss during transmission, degrading communication quality, and existing antennas require specialized techniques to maintain gain and efficiency.
Innovation Solution
The antenna apparatus incorporates a patch antenna pattern with offset feed, side coupling patterns, and side ground patterns to enhance gain, directivity, and bandwidth while minimizing electromagnetic interference, and includes a ground plane connected via vias to stabilize surface currents and prevent interference.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of energy
If a conventional antenna design is used for mmWave communications, then the antenna structure is simple, but the antenna gain and directivity are insufficient leading to signal loss
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna is divided into multiple functional patterns including a patch antenna pattern for radiation, side coupling patterns for impedance matching and bandwidth extension, and side ground patterns for current control. This segmentation allows each component to be optimized for its specific function while working together to reduce signal loss
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces side ground patterns extending in the first direction perpendicular to the patch antenna, creating a three-dimensional current distribution. This dimensional extension enhances the antenna's effective aperture and radiation efficiency, improving gain without proportionally increasing the planar footprint
2Adaptability or versatility
If the antenna operates in high frequency band for mmWave communications, then bandwidth is reduced and signal absorption increases, but maintaining wide bandwidth and high gain becomes difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes multiple geometric parameters including the dimensions of the patch antenna pattern, the spacing and dimensions of side coupling patterns, and the configuration of side ground patterns. These parameter adjustments are specifically tuned to achieve wide bandwidth operation at mmWave frequencies while minimizing resistive and dielectric losses
Solution Approach 2:
The side coupling patterns act as intermediary elements between the feed and the patch antenna pattern, providing impedance transformation and reducing reflections. This intermediary structure improves power transfer efficiency and reduces signal absorption losses in the high frequency band
3Reliability
If side coupling patterns are placed close to the patch antenna to enhance coupling, then coupling efficiency improves, but electromagnetic interference and blocking effects increase
Solution Approach 1:
The side coupling patterns are positioned asymmetrically relative to the patch antenna pattern, with different spacing on opposite sides. This asymmetric configuration optimizes the coupling strength while creating electromagnetic field distribution that minimizes interference and blocking effects in critical radiation directions
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration improves antenna performance by increasing gain and directivity, broadening bandwidth, and reducing electromagnetic interference, effectively addressing the challenges of high-frequency signal transmission in mmWave communications.
Implementation Method 1
a patch antenna pattern; a feed via electrically connected to the patch antenna pattern
Implementation Method 2
a first side coupling pattern spaced apart from the patch antenna pattern along a second direction and a second side coupling pattern spaced apart from the patch antenna pattern along the second direction
Implementation Method 3
a ground plane spaced apart from the patch antenna pattern along a third direction; and a plurality of ground connection vias electrically connecting the ground plane to the first and second side ground patterns
Data Source
AI summary
An antenna apparatus includes a patch antenna pattern; a feed via electrically connected to the patch antenna pattern at a point offset in a first direction from a center of the patch antenna pattern; a first side coupling pattern spaced apart from the patch antenna pattern along a second direction and a second side coupling pattern spaced apart from the patch antenna pattern along the second direction and opposite to the first side coupling pattern; and a first side ground pattern spaced apart from the patch antenna pattern along the first direction and a second side ground pattern spaced apart from the patch antenna pattern along the first direction and opposite to the first side ground pattern. The patch antenna pattern and the first and second side coupling patterns are disposed between the first and second side ground patterns with respect to the first direction.