Position Measuring Scale With Offset Graduation Tracks

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Solution Overview

Problem

Position-measuring devices face inaccuracies due to non-optimal adjustments, particularly when '1 out of 8 gaps' in incremental tracks cause phase shifts and measurement errors, especially in optical scanning systems where illumination and detector alignment are not perfectly parallel.

Innovation Solution

A scale with two P-periodic graduation tracks offset transversely to the measuring direction, each with integrated reference markings offset relative to one another, and a structured detector with sensors arranged to omit certain sensors at varying distances to cancel out measurement errors when linked suitably.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If reference markings are integrated at regular intervals in the incremental track, then absolute position determination is improved, but measurement precision deteriorates due to phase shifts from non-optimal adjustments

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveposition measurement accuracyVSAvoidmeasurement reliability under non-optimal adjustment
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The incremental track is divided into multiple segments (first and second incremental tracks) with different periods. Each segment handles a specific measurement range, allowing the system to maintain high precision across the entire measurement range while reducing the impact of phase shifts from non-optimal adjustments.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces a third dimension by adding a second incremental track with a different period (1.25x the first track's period). This dimensional expansion allows the system to compensate for phase shift errors through multi-track evaluation, improving measurement reliability under non-optimal adjustment conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Device complexity

If a single incremental track with reference markings is used, then device complexity is reduced, but measurement precision deteriorates due to uncompensated phase shifts

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvescale structure complexityVSAvoidposition measurement accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The scale is segmented into multiple incremental tracks with different periods rather than using a single complex track. This segmentation allows each track to be simpler in design while collectively providing high measurement precision through their combined evaluation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses a composite approach by combining multiple incremental tracks with different periods (1:1.25 ratio) to create a multi-track evaluation system. This composite structure achieves high measurement precision that would be difficult to obtain with a single track design.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

3Adaptability or versatility

If the measurement range is extended using multiple tracks, then adaptability is improved, but device complexity increases due to multiple detector tracks and sensors

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemeasurement range coverageVSAvoiddetector structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The detector is designed with multi-functionality by using the same detector track structure for both the first and second incremental tracks. The detector can evaluate both tracks simultaneously, reducing the need for separate detector structures and thereby reducing overall device complexity despite the extended measurement range.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent maintains homogeneity in the detector design by using identical detector track structures for both incremental tracks. This homogeneous approach simplifies the overall detector design and reduces complexity compared to using different detector structures for different measurement ranges.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #33Homogeneity

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration significantly reduces measurement errors by ensuring that phase shifts from non-optimal adjustments are compensated, resulting in more accurate position values even when the device is not optimally adjusted.

Implementation Method 1

a structured photodetector with numerous sensor fields, which records many periods of the scale simultaneously

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOptical detection: Photoelectric Effect

Data Source

PatentEP1995566B1Measuring rod for a positioning system and positioning system
Publication Date: 2013.05.08 DR JOHANNES HEIDENHAIN GMBH
  • EP1995566B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP1995566B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP1995566B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The basic principle of a scale (M) or a position measuring device according to the invention is the displacement of reference markings (R) in graduation tracks (TS1, TS2) offset transversely to the measuring direction (X) by fractions of the distance (A) between the reference markings (R) within a graduation track (TS1, TS2). This provides a way to eliminate or at least significantly reduce the negative effects of the disturbance of the periodicity (P) of a graduation track (TS1, TS2) caused by the reference markings R.