Offset Patch Antenna for Multi-Band Circular Polarization
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing patch antennas are unable to simultaneously transmit and receive both right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) and left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) RF signals on multiple frequency bands, limiting their application in vehicle-based radio communication systems, and they are not easily integratable with vehicle glass for aerodynamic and aesthetic benefits.
Innovation Solution
A patch antenna design featuring two offset patch elements with a specific angular arrangement and connection to a transmission line, allowing for the simultaneous transmission and reception of RHCP and LHCP signals across multiple frequency bands, integrated with vehicle glass for improved aerodynamics and aesthetics.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If a single patch antenna is used, then the device complexity is reduced, but the ability to simultaneously transmit and receive both RHCP and LHCP signals on multiple frequency bands is lost
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna is divided into two separate patch elements (first patch element and second patch element) with different orientations. The first patch element is oriented to radiate RHCP signals while the second patch element is oriented to radiate LHCP signals. This segmentation allows each element to be optimized for its specific polarization function while working together to provide multi-frequency band capability.
Solution Approach 2:
The two patch elements are combined into a single antenna structure that operates across multiple frequency bands. By positioning the patches at different locations and orientations within the same antenna assembly and connecting them to a common feed network, the system achieves both RHCP and LHCP radiation capabilities simultaneously while maintaining a unified antenna structure.
2Ease of manufacture
If the antenna is integrated with vehicle glass, then aerodynamic performance and aesthetic appearance are improved, but the manufacturing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna structure is nested within the vehicle glass assembly. The patch elements are positioned on or within the glass pane, utilizing the glass structure itself as part of the antenna housing or mounting structure. This nesting approach allows the antenna to be integrated into the vehicle glass without requiring separate external antenna housings or complex mounting mechanisms.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The antenna effectively radiates RHCP and LHCP signals in different frequency bands, enabling simultaneous reception of GPS and SDARS signals, while its integration with vehicle glass enhances aerodynamics and appearance.
Implementation Method 1
The angular arrangement of the second patch element with respect to the first patch element, i.e., the offset between the patch elements, provides the antenna with both right-hand circular polarization and left-hand circular polarization
Data Source
AI summary
A patch antenna includes a first patch element and a second patch element. Each patch element defines a center. The second patch element is spaced below the first patch element. A connection point is defined on the second patch element for connection to a transmission line. A first plane is defined through the connection point and the center of the second patch element and generally perpendicular to the second patch element. The first patch element is disposed offset the second patch element such that the center of the first patch element does not intersect with the first plane.