OLED Emitter Layer Singlet Triplet Exciton Management

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) face challenges in achieving high luminous efficiency and long luminous lifespan due to limitations in exciton generation efficiency and energy transfer in the host and dopant materials, particularly with fluorescent materials using only singlet exciton energy and metal complexes having short lifespan.

Innovation Solution

An OLED structure incorporating a red emitting material layer with specific compounds, including a first compound represented by Formula 1-1, a second compound, and a third compound, which are organometallic complexes, enhancing luminous efficiency and lifespan by utilizing both singlet and triplet exciton energies and improving energy transfer.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If fluorescent material is used as dopant, then the structure is simple, but luminous efficiency is low because only singlet exciton energy is utilized

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvematerial structure complexityVSAvoidluminous efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs a composite emitting layer comprising both fluorescent dopant (utilizing singlet excitons) and phosphorescent dopant (utilizing triplet excitons) within the same host material system. This composite approach enables simultaneous exploitation of both singlet and triplet exciton energy, achieving near 100% internal quantum efficiency while maintaining manageable device structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Use of energy by moving object

If phosphorescent material is used as dopant, then luminous efficiency is high because both singlet and triplet exciton energy are utilized, but luminous lifespan is short

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveluminous efficiencyVSAvoidluminous lifespan
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSDuration of action of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent optimizes the concentration ratio of phosphorescent dopant to fluorescent dopant, the host-guest energy level matching parameters, and the molecular weight and glass transition temperature parameters of the host material. These parameter adjustments enhance energy transfer efficiency while reducing phosphorescent material degradation, thereby extending device operational lifetime.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces a carefully selected host material that acts as an intermediary between electrical excitation and light emission. The host material facilitates efficient energy transfer to both fluorescent and phosphorescent dopants while protecting the phosphorescent metal complex from degradation, thus extending luminous lifespan without compromising efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Ease of manufacture

If conventional emitting material layer is used, then manufacturing is simple, but exciton generation efficiency and energy transfer efficiency are insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing simplicityVSAvoidexciton generation and energy transfer efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality optimization by selecting host materials with specific molecular weight ranges (500-5000 g/mol) and glass transition temperatures (50-150°C), and by positioning fluorescent and phosphorescent dopants at optimized local concentrations within the emitting layer. This localized optimization enhances exciton generation and energy transfer efficiency without complicating the overall manufacturing process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The proposed OLED structure demonstrates improved luminous efficiency and extended lifespan by effectively utilizing both singlet and triplet exciton energies, leading to enhanced performance in OLEDs.

Implementation Method 1

a phosphorescent material can show high luminous efficiency since it uses triplet exciton energy as well as singlet exciton energy in the luminous process

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhosphorescence: Phosphorescence

Implementation Method 2

the luminous efficiency and the luminous lifespan of the OLED can be affected by the exciton generation efficiency in the host and the energy transfer efficiency from the host to the dopant

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEnergy transfer:

Implementation Method 3

An organic light emitting diode (OLED) display among a flat display device used widely

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectroluminescence: Electroluminescence

Data Source

PatentEP4164366B1Organic light emitting diode and organic light emitting device including the same
Publication Date: 2024.11.27 LG DISPLAY CO LTD
  • EP4164366B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4164366B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4164366B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An organic light emitting diode and an organic light emitting device including the organic light emitting diode are discussed. The organic light emitting diode can include a first compound represented by the following formula, a second compound as a p-type host and a third compound as an n-type host in an emitting material layer. As a result, the organic light emitting diode and the organic light emitting device have advantages in the driving voltage, the luminous efficiency and the lifespan.