OLED Electrode Interface Without p-Dopants or Plasma Treatment
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing light-emitting devices require the use of p-dopants to improve conductivity, which can lead to deterioration at the electrode-organic layer interface and necessitate plasma treatment processes during electrode formation.
Innovation Solution
A light-emitting device is developed without the use of p-dopants, featuring a first electrode made from oxides of tungsten, molybdenum, copper, nickel, vanadium, or combinations thereof, and an interlayer that includes a tertiary amine compound with an organic selenium moiety, which acts as a hole transport layer without the need for a separate hole injection layer.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If p-dopants are used to improve conductivity, then electrical conductivity is improved, but interface deterioration occurs between electrode and organic layer
Solution Approach 1:
The patent removes p-dopants from the device structure entirely, extracting the harmful element that causes interface deterioration. The hole transport layer is designed to function without p-dopant additives, eliminating the source of interface degradation while maintaining necessary conductivity through the oxide electrode and optimized hole transport material selection.
Solution Approach 2:
The oxide electrode (ITO, IZO, or IGZO) serves as an intermediary layer that provides stable electrical contact without requiring p-dopants. This intermediate material layer mediates between the metal electrode and organic hole transport layer, preventing direct harmful interactions while ensuring proper charge injection and transport.
2Reliability
If plasma treatment process is used during electrode formation, then surface treatment is improved, but manufacturing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent eliminates the plasma treatment process step from the manufacturing sequence. By designing the oxide electrode and hole transport layer interface to work effectively without plasma activation, the process complexity is reduced while maintaining reliable electrical and mechanical contact between layers.
Solution Approach 2:
The oxide electrode material and hole transport layer are designed to self-assemble and self-bond effectively without requiring external plasma treatment. The materials inherently provide proper surface properties for stable interface formation, eliminating the need for additional processing steps.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution effectively delays the occurrence of deterioration at the interface between the first electrode and the organic layer, allowing the light-emitting device to operate stably without the need for p-dopants or plasma treatment processes.
Implementation Method 1
a work function of the first electrode may be equal to or less than about −5.3 eV
Implementation Method 2
the interlayer may include an emission layer and a layer including a tertiary amine compound including an organic selenium moiety
Implementation Method 3
Carriers, such as holes and electrons, recombine in the emission layer to produce light
Data Source
AI summary
Provided are a light-emitting device and an electronic apparatus including the light-emitting device. The light-emitting device includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an interlayer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode includes an oxide of: tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), or any combination thereof. The interlayer includes an emission layer and a layer including a tertiary amine compound including an organic selenium moiety, and the interlayer does not include a p-dopant.