OLED Encapsulation with Photo-Aligned Retarder

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current encapsulation structures for OLED displays are complex, thick, and heavy due to glass encapsulation, and they lack efficient anti-reflection properties, which are essential for improving the brightness and readability of OLED displays, especially in outdoor applications.

Innovation Solution

A thin encapsulation structure comprising a photo-aligned substance, a liquid crystal polymer (LCP) layer, and an inorganic layer, which provides both barrier properties against oxygen and moisture and anti-reflection properties, with the photo-aligned substance acting as a planarization layer and optical retarder, allowing for a thinner and more flexible design.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If glass encapsulation is used, then barrier properties against oxygen and moisture are improved, but weight and thickness increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebarrier propertiesVSAvoidweight
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSWeight of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces traditional glass encapsulation with thin film encapsulation consisting of multiple alternating layers of inorganic barrier layers and organic buffer layers. The inorganic layers (such as aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, or silicon nitride) provide the necessary barrier properties against oxygen and moisture, while the organic layers (such as polyimide or acrylic resin) provide mechanical flexibility and stress relief. This thin film structure achieves effective encapsulation with significantly reduced weight and thickness compared to glass encapsulation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #30Flexible shells and thin films

2Reliability

If glass encapsulation is used, then barrier properties against oxygen and moisture are improved, but device thickness increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebarrier propertiesVSAvoidthickness
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLength of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs thin film encapsulation with inorganic barrier layers having thicknesses typically between 1-100 nm and organic buffer layers with thicknesses between 1-10 μm, creating a multi-layer structure that provides effective barrier properties while maintaining minimal overall thickness. This approach replaces thick glass encapsulation with a compact thin film stack that achieves the same protective function with dramatically reduced thickness.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #30Flexible shells and thin films

Solution Approach 2:

The encapsulation structure is divided into multiple alternating inorganic and organic layers rather than using a single thick glass layer. The inorganic layers provide barrier functionality while the organic layers provide mechanical support and stress management. This segmented multi-layer architecture achieves effective encapsulation with reduced thickness compared to monolithic glass encapsulation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

3Object-affected harmful factors

If a circular polarizer is added to reduce reflection, then anti-reflection properties are improved, but device complexity and manufacturing difficulty increase

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovereflectionVSAvoidcomplexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines the anti-reflection function with the encapsulation structure by integrating an optical retarder layer into the thin film encapsulation stack. The retarder layer is positioned between the topmost inorganic barrier layer and the external environment, working synergistically with the underlying layers to reduce reflection of ambient light. This merged structure eliminates the need for a separate circular polarizer assembly, reducing overall device complexity while maintaining effective anti-reflection properties.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The optical retarder layer serves multiple functions: it provides anti-reflection properties to improve outdoor visibility, contributes to the overall encapsulation barrier, and can be integrated into the existing thin film structure. By making this layer multi-functional, the patent avoids adding separate components for each function, thereby reducing device complexity and manufacturing difficulty.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

4Reliability

If multiple alternating inorganic and organic layers are used, then barrier properties are improved while flexibility is maintained, but manufacturing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebarrier propertiesVSAvoidmanufacturing
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces traditional mechanical deposition methods with atomic layer deposition (ALD) or chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques for forming the inorganic barrier layers. These vapor-phase deposition methods enable precise control of layer thickness at the nanometer scale, ensure uniform coverage over large substrate areas, and facilitate the formation of high-quality thin film structures. The organic layers can be deposited using solution-based methods or sputtering, allowing for scalable manufacturing of the multi-layer encapsulation structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The proposed encapsulation structure enhances the brightness and readability of OLED displays by reducing reflection and improving barrier properties, making them suitable for outdoor use while reducing weight and complexity in production.

Implementation Method 1

a layer comprising a photo-aligned substance and an LCP layer, wherein the liquid crystal orientation in the LCP layer has been created due to contact with the layer comprising a photo-aligned substance

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhoto-alignment: Photoelasticity

Implementation Method 2

an LCP layer, wherein the liquid crystal orientation in the LCP layer has been created due to contact with the layer comprising a photo-aligned substance

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOptical retardation: Birefringence

Data Source

PatentEP3175493B1Encapsulation structure for an OLED display incorporating antireflection properties
Publication Date: 2024.03.06 BASF COATINGS GMBH
  • EP3175493B1 patent drawingFigure 1a~1f
  • EP3175493B1 patent drawingFigure 2a~2c
  • EP3175493B1 patent drawingFigure 3a~3d

AI summary

- 32 - SUMMARY [00120] The invention relates to encapsulation structures for OLED displays, wherein the structure provides sufficient barrier properties against oxygen and moisture as well as anti-reflection properties. The structure includes a layer comprising a photo-aligned substance which in a synergistic manner controls both barrier and anti-reflection properties.