OLED Light Extraction via Reflecting Plate and Scattering Layer

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Solution Overview

Problem

In organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs), a significant amount of light is trapped due to total internal reflection between the organic layer and the substrate, leading to low light emission efficiency, as the refractive indices of common materials like indium tin oxide (ITO) and glass result in inefficient light extraction.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating a reflecting plate with high reflectivity outside the transparent electrode layers, a scattering layer between the reflecting plate and the electrode layers, and a planarized layer to enhance light extraction, along with a low refractive region between the substrate and the reflecting plate to minimize surface plasmon effects and absorption losses.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If a conventional OLED structure with transparent electrodes and organic layer is used, then the device structure is simple, but light extraction efficiency is low due to total internal reflection

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedevice structure simplicityVSAvoidlight extraction efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The device is segmented into multiple functional layers including a low refractive index layer, scattering layer, and reflecting plate layer, each performing a specific function to collectively improve light extraction while maintaining manufacturing feasibility

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

A low refractive index layer is introduced as an intermediary between the organic light-emitting layer and the substrate to reduce refractive index mismatch and minimize total internal reflection, thereby improving light extraction efficiency

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Productivity

If a reflecting plate is added to improve light extraction, then light extraction efficiency is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelight extraction efficiencyVSAvoiddevice structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

Multiple functional layers (low refractive index layer, scattering layer, reflecting plate layer) are merged into a single integrated structure that works synergistically to improve light extraction efficiency while avoiding the need for separate complex components

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The reflecting plate layer is designed to perform multiple functions: reflecting extracted light back into the organic layer for re-emission, providing structural support, and maintaining appropriate spacing between components, thereby reducing the need for additional separate components

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Productivity

If the gap between emitting layer and reflecting plate is reduced to enhance light extraction, then light extraction efficiency is improved, but surface plasmon effects and absorption losses increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelight extraction efficiencyVSAvoidabsorption losses and surface plasmon effects
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The gap distance between the emitting layer and reflecting plate is optimized to a specific range (100-700nm) to achieve the best balance between light extraction efficiency and minimizing surface plasmon effects and absorption losses, representing a precise parameter optimization

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration significantly improves light extraction efficiency by minimizing evanescent coupling and absorption, resulting in enhanced OLED performance with increased light emission efficiency.

Implementation Method 1

a reflecting plate which is located outside of the first or second transparent electrode layer... having measured reflexibility of 80% or more

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectReflection: Reflection

Implementation Method 2

a scattering layer between the reflecting plate and the electrode layers

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight scattering: Scattering

Implementation Method 3

a low refractive region between the substrate and the reflecting plate to minimize surface plasmon effects and absorption losses

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRefraction: Refraction

Data Source

PatentEP2830115B1Organic light-emitting element
Publication Date: 2019.09.04 LG DISPLAY CO LTD
  • EP2830115B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2830115B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP2830115B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

The present application relates to an organic light emitting device (OLED) and lighting devices. The exemplary OLED according to the present application, for example, may minimize evanescent coupling caused by surface plasmons, and the like, and may have excellent emission efficiency.