OLTC Contact System With Cam Rollers to Reduce Wear and Torque

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing on-load tap changer (OLTC) contact systems experience significant wear and torque issues due to friction forces during switching operations, affecting the performance of vacuum interrupters.

Innovation Solution

A contact system with a movable contact that uses a cam portion to open jaws via rollers, reducing mechanical friction and torque by employing materials with higher hardness and a rolling interaction, ensuring minimal contact between the cam portion and fixed contacts.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If the movable contact uses sliding friction to engage with fixed contacts, then the contact system can be simple in structure, but significant wear occurs on contact surfaces

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontact system structureVSAvoidcontact surface wear
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces a cam portion as an intermediary element between the movable contact and the fixed contacts. This cam portion transforms the direct sliding friction contact into a rolling contact mechanism, where the cam surface interacts with the fixed contact surfaces through rolling motion rather than sliding, thereby reducing wear on the contact surfaces while maintaining the simplicity of the overall contact system structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Ease of operation

If the movable contact slides between fixed contacts with friction, then the switching operation can be straightforward, but unwanted torque is generated on the main shaft

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveswitching operationVSAvoidtorque on main shaft
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSForce

Solution Approach 1:

The cam portion serves as a mediator that converts the sliding friction force into rolling friction force. This transformation reduces the magnitude of the friction force that translates into torque on the main shaft, while the cam mechanism itself guides the movable contact through the switching operation, maintaining ease of operation with reduced unwanted torque effects.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Reliability

If the movable contact establishes electrical contact directly with fixed contacts, then the electrical connection can be reliable, but mechanical wear increases during switching

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrical contactVSAvoidcontact material wear
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The cam portion acts as a wear-reducing intermediary that facilitates the establishment of electrical contact between the movable contact and fixed contacts. During the switching operation, the cam surface rolls against the fixed contact surfaces, enabling reliable electrical connection while minimizing direct sliding friction and material wear at the contact interfaces.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the traditional sliding friction mechanical contact mechanism with a rolling contact mechanism using the cam portion. This substitution maintains the reliability of electrical contact establishment while significantly reducing mechanical wear on the contact surfaces by eliminating the sliding friction component.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Reduces wear on contact surfaces and minimizes torque on the shaft, enhancing the operational efficiency and longevity of the OLTC system.

Implementation Method 1

the movable contact comprises a cam portion (12) configured to move between the two rollers (11a, 11b) for opening the jaws (5a, 5b) in a switching operation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCam mechanism: Cam

Implementation Method 2

due to the rolling interaction of the rollers with the cam portion, rolling friction forces occur, which reduces a torque on the movable contact

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRolling friction: Roller

Data Source

PatentEP4657477A1Contact system for an on-load tap changer, on-load tap changer and method for operating a contact system
Publication Date: 2025.12.03 HITACHI ENERGY LTD
  • EP4657477A1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP4657477A1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP4657477A1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

A contact system (1) for an on-load tap changer (30) comprises a movable contact (2) configured to switch between several fixed contacts (3, 4) in a switching operation, wherein the movable contact (2) comprises a contact portion (6) for establishing an electrical contact with one of the fixed contacts (3, 4) in an operating position, wherein each of the fixed contacts (3, 4) comprises two jaws (5a, 5b) configured for clamping the movable contact (2), wherein each of the fixed contacts (3, 4) comprises two rollers (11a, 11b), wherein the movable contact (2) comprises a cam portion (12) configured to move between the two rollers (11a, 11b) for opening the jaws (5a, 5b) in a switching operation.