Omicron RBD Vaccine Composition for Cross-Variant Neutralization
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing SARS-CoV-2 vaccines face challenges in effectively targeting the Omicron variant strains due to multiple mutation sites in the S protein, leading to diminished efficacy and reduced protective immunity.
Innovation Solution
Development of recombinant proteins and vaccines based on specific amino acid sequences, including mutations at positions 52, 54, and 56, and incorporating signal peptides, Trx tags, and EK enzyme sites, expressed using insect, mammalian, and yeast vectors, to enhance immune response and neutralizing antibody production.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If existing SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are used, then initial protective immunity is provided, but efficacy diminishes against Omicron variant strains due to multiple mutation sites in the S protein
Solution Approach 1:
The vaccine composition is designed to provide universal protection against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants simultaneously. By incorporating antigenic proteins from different variants (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron sublineages), the vaccine achieves multi-functionality, enabling a single vaccine formulation to protect against diverse viral strains that would otherwise require separate vaccinations.
Solution Approach 2:
The vaccine employs a composite antigenic protein structure that combines epitopes from multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants. This composite approach integrates protective antigenic determinants from different viral lineages into a unified vaccine formulation, creating a synergistic effect that enhances broad-spectrum immunity against variant escape mutants.
2Adaptability or versatility
If the S protein contains multiple mutation sites, then variant strains can escape antibodies from precursor strain vaccines, but developing vaccines for each variant increases complexity
Solution Approach 1:
The vaccine formulation is segmented into distinct antigenic protein components, each derived from specific SARS-CoV-2 variants. This segmentation allows each variant-specific antigen to target particular mutation sites and epitopes, while the combined formulation achieves comprehensive coverage. The segmented approach simplifies the development process compared to creating entirely new vaccines for each variant.
Solution Approach 2:
The multi-variant antigenic protein composition provides universal protection against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants simultaneously. By integrating antigenic determinants from Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron sublineages into a single vaccine formulation, the invention achieves broad-spectrum immunity without requiring separate vaccination programs for each variant.
3Reliability
If variant strains carry multiple mutation sites, then antibodies elicited by precursor strain vaccines fail to neutralize effectively, but increasing vaccine dosage may cause adverse effects
Solution Approach 1:
The vaccine employs local quality enhancement by incorporating specific antigenic epitopes from multiple variants that target different mutation sites on the viral surface. Rather than uniformly increasing dosage, the formulation strategically includes variant-specific antigenic determinants (such as those from Omicron sublineages BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.4, BA.5, BQ.1.1, and XBB.1.5) that locally address escape mutations, achieving effective neutralization with optimized dosing.
Data Source
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AI summary
The present invention relates to the field of medicines, and relates to a protein and vaccine for resisting infection from a SARS-CoV-2 Omicron mutant strain and a subtype thereof. In order to solve the problem of lack of drugs for effective prevention and treatment for infections from the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron mutant strain and the subtype thereof, the present invention provides the protein and the vaccine for resisting infection from the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron mutant strain and the subtype thereof. The vaccine is optimally designed on the basis of an RBD sequence in an S protein of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron mutant strain and substrains BA.4/5, BQ.1.1, and XBB.1.5, can help a host to resist a coronavirus infection, and particularly has a relatively good prevention and treatment effect on a cross infection caused by a SARS-CoV-2 Omicron mutant strain and subtype viruses thereof.