On-Board Charging Circuit for Unified AC/DC Input Isolation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing on-board charging systems for electric vehicles require separate external input terminals for AC and DC power inputs, leading to high costs and limited adaptability, especially when faced with charging stations that integrate both types, and pose a risk of damage from high-voltage DC power inputs.
Innovation Solution
An on-board charging circuit with a switching module that can adapt to different power inputs, including AC and DC, using a pre-charging module with variable resistance and a rectifier module that boosts voltage during pre-charging, ensuring reliable electrical isolation and efficient energy transfer.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If separate external input terminals are used for AC and DC power inputs, then the risk of erroneous connection is reduced, but the cost increases and adaptability to integrated charging stations is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a universal external input terminal that can accept both AC and DC power inputs through a single interface. The terminal design incorporates protective components that enable it to handle different power types without requiring separate dedicated terminals, thus achieving multi-functionality and adaptability to various charging station types including integrated AC/DC stations.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a pre-charging module as an intermediary component between the external input terminal and the internal charging circuitry. This module includes protective components that mediate the connection, providing adaptation and protection when receiving different power types. The intermediary module enables the system to interface with various power sources while maintaining reliability through standardized connection protocols.
2Adaptability or versatility
If a single external input terminal is used for both AC and DC power inputs, then cost is reduced and adaptability is improved, but the risk of damage from high-voltage DC power input increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a pre-charging module that activates before the main charging process begins. This module includes protective components that are preliminarily configured to detect and respond to different power types. When DC power is detected, the pre-charging module activates isolation mechanisms in advance, preventing high-voltage damage before it can affect the internal charging circuitry.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent incorporates protective components in the pre-charging module that provide beforehand cushioning against potential high-voltage DC power input. These components are designed to absorb or block excessive voltage surges before they can reach sensitive internal circuits, cushioning the system against damage from integrated AC/DC charging stations.
3Reliability
If protective components are added to the pre-charging module, then the risk of damage from DC power input is reduced, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the protective components into the pre-charging module, combining multiple functions (pre-charging, protection, and adaptation) into a single integrated module. This consolidation reduces overall system complexity by eliminating the need for separate protection circuits while maintaining comprehensive protection against high-voltage DC power input.
Solution Approach 2:
The pre-charging module is designed with multi-functionality, serving as both a pre-charging circuit and a protection mechanism. The same module that performs pre-charging also contains protective components that activate when DC power is detected, thus providing dual functionality without requiring additional dedicated protection hardware.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution enables cost-effective adaptability to various power inputs while ensuring the safety and reliability of electrical components by isolating the charging circuit from high-voltage DC power, reducing the risk of damage and enhancing energy efficiency.
Implementation Method 1
a rectifier module, for receiving an external power input, and rectifying the external power input to charge the energy storage module
Implementation Method 2
a pre-charging module, connected in series with the energy storage module, and used for controlling a charging current to the energy storage module, wherein the pre-charging module has a larger charging resistance in a pre-charging state than in a conventional charging state
Implementation Method 3
a switching module, for controlling the supply of the external power input to the rectifier module
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure relates to an on-board charging circuit, comprising: an energy storage module, for supplying a DC bus voltage; a rectifier module, for receiving an external power input, and rectifying the external power input to charge the energy storage module; a switching module, for controlling the supply of the external power input to the rectifier module; and a pre-charging module, connected in series with the energy storage module, and used for controlling a charging current to the energy storage module, wherein the pre-charging module has a larger charging resistance in a pre-charging state than in a conventional charging state. The present disclosure further relates to an on-board charging device, an on-board charging system and a vehicle.