In Vivo Systemic Immunotherapy via Oncolytic Virus and Antigen Presentation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current anti-tumor therapies often fail to effectively target individual tumor-specific antigens and do not adequately combine multiple therapeutic approaches, leading to inadequate treatment outcomes due to toxicity, side effects, and tumor resistance, as well as neglecting the heterogeneity of tumors and the complexities of anti-tumor immune responses.
Innovation Solution
A systemic immunotherapeutic method that involves increasing tumor antigen release, enhancing antigen presentation, and activating immune effector cells through oncolytic agents, heat shock proteins, and immunotherapeutic agents, ensuring maximum overlap in time and space of these therapeutic components to enhance immune response efficacy.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional anti-tumor therapies (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy) are used, then tumor treatment can be provided, but toxicity and side effects occur, and tumor resistance develops
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the fundamental parameter of therapy from non-specific cytotoxic treatment to specific immune-mediated treatment. By using oncolytic viruses that selectively replicate in tumor cells and trigger immune responses, the therapy achieves tumor-specific destruction without the systemic toxicity of conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces the patient's own immune system as an intermediary mediator between the oncolytic virus and tumor cells. The virus acts as a biological vector that stimulates endogenous immune mechanisms (CTLs, NK cells, DCs) to selectively target and destroy tumor cells, avoiding direct toxic effects on normal tissues.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If targeted therapies are used, then toxicities are reduced, but they provide no benefit for tumors independent of relevant targets or with cellular adaptive resistance
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a universal anti-tumor platform that can be applied across multiple tumor types and genetic backgrounds. The oncolytic virus system works by exploiting fundamental tumor cell vulnerabilities (defective antiviral responses, high proliferation rates) rather than tumor-specific mutations, making it broadly applicable to various cancers including those with adaptive resistance to targeted therapies.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs a dynamic, adaptive immune response rather than a static targeted approach. The oncolytic virus triggers evolving immune mechanisms that can adapt to different tumor antigens and genetic alterations, providing versatility across tumor types while maintaining low toxicity through immune system specificity.
3Measurement precision
If individualized cancer vaccines are prepared in vitro, then tumor-specific antigens are targeted, but preparation is cumbersome and time-consuming
Solution Approach 1:
The patent enables the therapeutic agent (oncolytic virus) to self-replicate and self-amplify at the tumor site. Rather than requiring external preparation of individualized vaccines, the administered virus autonomously replicates within tumor cells, producing sufficient viral particles in situ to trigger robust immune responses, thereby eliminating time-consuming ex vivo preparation processes.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent performs preliminary action by administering the oncolytic virus before significant tumor progression occurs. The virus begins immediate replication and immune stimulation upon administration, creating a head start in the therapeutic process that eliminates the need for lengthy vaccine preparation and activation phases required by conventional approaches.
4Reliability
If combination therapy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy is used, then therapeutic effect is improved, but various aspects of anti-tumor immune responses are not completely targeted and phase differences are not considered
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges oncolytic virotherapy with immunotherapy into a unified mechanism. The oncolytic virus simultaneously performs tumor cell lysis and immune system activation, combining direct anti-tumor effects with immunomodulatory effects in a single therapeutic agent, thereby simplifying the coordination complexity of separate chemotherapy and immunotherapy regimens.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent ensures continuous useful action through the self-sustaining nature of oncolytic virus replication and immune activation. As the virus replicates within tumor cells, it continuously produces new viral particles that infect adjacent tumor cells, maintaining sustained anti-tumor activity and immune stimulation without requiring intermittent dosing or complex coordination of multiple separate therapies.
Data Source
AI summary
The invention provides an in vivo individualized systemic immunotherapeutic method and device. The method includes, in a non-sequential manner: (1) increasing release amount of tumor antigens at a tumor site; (2) at the tumor site, increasing level of proteins capable of adhering to and/or wrapping the tumor antigens; (3) at the tumor site, increasing level of dedicated antigen-presenting cells involved in immunity, and establishing, between the dedicated antigen-presenting cells and immune effector cells, a close connection capable of activating the immune effector cells; and (4) at the tumor site, increasing level and improving function of the immune effector cells. The steps (1)-(4) each reaches a maximum value at a respective time which overlaps with each other maximally, as well as at a respective site which overlaps with each other maximally. The invention combines oncolytic therapy and immunotherapy, in individualized systemic immunotherapy, and provides significantly improved therapeutic effect.